Melting point	139-141 ºC**
Density	1.298±0.06 g/cm3 (20 º

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Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Peer-Reviewed Papers

Design, synthesis and anti-leishmanial activity of novel symmetrical bispyridinium cyclophanes.Verónica Gómez-Pérez et al.European journal of medicinal chemistry, 89, 362-369 (2014-12-03) Proteolytic Degradation of reduced Human Beta Defensin 1 generates a Novel Antibiotic Octapeptide.Judith Wendler et al.Scientific reports, 9(1), 3640-3640 (2019-03-08) Oral dosing of chemical indicators for in vivo monitoring of Ca2+ dynamics in insect muscle.Ferdinandus et al.PloS one, 10(1), e0116655-e0116655 (2015-01-16) A heteromeric potassium channel involved in the modulation of the plasma membrane potential is essential for the survival of African trypanosomes.Michael E Steinmann et al.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 29(8), 3228-3237 (2015-04-15) Evolutionarily divergent, Na+-regulated H+-transporting membrane-bound pyrophosphatases.Heidi H Luoto et al.The Biochemical journal, 467(2), 281-291 (2015-02-11) Synergistic antibacterial activity of gold nanoparticles caused by apoptosis-like death.B Lee et al.Journal of applied microbiology, 127(3), 701-712 (2019-06-20) Calibration and characterization of intracellular Asante Potassium Green probes, APG-2 and APG-4.Priyanka S Rana et al.Analytical biochemistry, 567, 8-13 (2018-12-07) Synergistic effects of antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics against Clostridium difficile.Sabine Nuding et al.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 58(10), 5719-5725 (2014-07-16) Stimuli-Responsive Conformational Transformation of Peptides for Tunable Cytotoxicity.Jeonghun Lee et al.Bioconjugate chemistry, 31(1), 43-50 (2019-12-17) The proton electrochemical gradient induces a kinetic asymmetry in the symport cycle of LacY.Xiaoxu Jiang et al.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(2), 977-981 (2020-01-01) Bovicin HJ50-like lantibiotics, a novel subgroup of lantibiotics featured by an indispensable disulfide bridge.Jian Wang et al.PloS one, 9(5), e97121-e97121 (2014-05-14) Dynamic membrane depolarization is an early regulator of ependymoglial cell response to spinal cord injury in axolotl.Keith Sabin et al.Developmental biology, 408(1), 14-25 (2015-10-20) AmgRS-mediated envelope stress-inducible expression of the mexXY multidrug efflux operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Calvin Ho-Fung Lau et al.MicrobiologyOpen, 4(1), 121-135 (2014-12-03) Peppermint Essential Oil-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties.Monica Luminita Badea et al.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 24(11) (2019-06-12) Comparative measurements of membrane potentials with microelectrodes and voltage-sensitive dyes.T Bräuner et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 771(2), 208-216 (1984-04-11) Ionomycin-Induced Changes in Membrane Potential Alter Electroporation Outcomes in HL-60 Cells.Erik J Aiken et al.Biophysical journal, 114(12), 2875-2886 (2018-06-21) Role of Bioelectricity During Cell Proliferation in Different Cell Types.Mit Balvantray Bhavsar et al.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 8, 603-603 (2020-07-28) Glochidioboside Kills Pathogenic Bacteria by Membrane Perturbation.Heejeong Lee et al.Current microbiology, 71(1), 1-7 (2015-03-31) Involvement of AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in Regulation of Cell Membrane Potential in a Gastric Cancer Cell Line.Lin Zhu et al.Scientific reports, 8(1), 6028-6028 (2018-04-18) Modulation of Potassium Channels Inhibits Bunyavirus Infection.Samantha Hover et al.The Journal of biological chemistry, 291(7), 3411-3422 (2015-12-18) Toxicity of binary mixtures of pesticides to the marine microalgae Tisochrysis lutea and Skeletonema marinoi: Substance interactions and physiological impacts.Valentin Dupraz et al.Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 211, 148-162 (2019-04-14) The type VI secretion system deploys antifungal effectors against microbial competitors.Katharina Trunk et al.Nature microbiology, 3(8), 920-931 (2018-07-25) Not merely noxious? Time-dependent hormesis and differential toxic effects systematically induced by rare earth elements in Escherichia coli.Didier Técher et al.Environmental science and pollution research international, 27(5), 5640-5649 (2019-12-18) Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Benzalkonium Chloride Induces Antimicrobial Resistance and Cellular Changes in Klebsiellae pneumoniae Clinical Isolates.Ahmed Abdelaziz et al.Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.), 25(5), 631-638 (2019-01-08) HCN2 Channel-Induced Rescue of Brain Teratogenesis via Local and Long-Range Bioelectric Repair.Vaibhav P Pai et al.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 14, 136-136 (2020-06-13) Tetrahydrocarbazoles are a novel class of potent P-type ATPase inhibitors with antifungal activity.Maike Bublitz et al.PloS one, 13(1), e0188620-e0188620 (2018-01-03) A small molecule with anticancer and antimetastatic activities induces rapid mitochondrial-associated necrosis in breast cancer.Anja Bastian et al.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 353(2), 392-404 (2015-02-28) Membrane of Candida albicans as a target of berberine.Nataša Zorić et al.BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 17(1), 268-268 (2017-05-19) Domain insertion permissibility-guided engineering of allostery in ion channels.Willow Coyote-Maestas et al.Nature communications, 10(1), 290-290 (2019-01-19) Aggregated Cell Masses Provide Protection against Space Extremes and a Microhabitat for Hitchhiking Co-Inhabitants.Jennifer Wadsworth et al.Astrobiology, 19(8), 995-1007 (2019-06-14) Determination of the Electrostatic Potential of Oil-in-Water Emulsion Droplets by Combined Use of Two Membrane Potential-Sensitive Dyes.Tomoya Iwata et al.Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, 33(7), 813-819 (2017-07-12) Quantum Dot-Peptide-Fullerene Bioconjugates for Visualization of in Vitro and in Vivo Cellular Membrane Potential.Okhil K Nag et al.ACS nano, 11(6), 5598-5613 (2017-05-18) Antibacterial action of lactoferricin B like peptide against Escherichia coli: reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis-like death.B Lee et al.Journal of applied microbiology, 129(2), 287-295 (2020-03-08) A Rapid Fluorescence-Based Microplate Assay to Investigate the Interaction of Membrane Active Antimicrobial Peptides with Whole Gram-Positive Bacteria.Gerard Boix-Lemonche et al.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 9(2) (2020-02-26) HCN4 ion channel function is required for early events that regulate anatomical left-right patterning in a nodal and lefty asymmetric gene expression-independent manner.Vaibhav P Pai et al.Biology open, 6(10), 1445-1457 (2017-08-19) L-lysine potentiates aminoglycosides against Acinetobacter baumannii via regulation of proton motive force and antibiotics uptake.Wanyan Deng et al.Emerging microbes & infections, 9(1), 639-650 (2020-03-21) Plasma membrane H+-ATPases sustain pollen tube growth and fertilization.Robert D Hoffmann et al.Nature communications, 11(1), 2395-2395 (2020-05-16) Supramolecular therapeutics to treat the side effects induced by a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent.Xiangjun Zhang et al.Theranostics, 9(11), 3107-3121 (2019-06-28) Phenanthrene Antibiotic Targets Bacterial Membranes and Kills Staphylococcus aureus With a Low Propensity for Resistance Development.Bo-Chen Chen et al.Frontiers in microbiology, 9, 1593-1593 (2018-08-02) Coprisin exerts antibacterial effects by inducing apoptosis-like death in Escherichia coli.Hyemin Choi et al.IUBMB life, 68(1), 72-78 (2015-12-15) Inhibition of Interleukin 10 Transcription through the SMAD2/3 Signaling Pathway by Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel KCa3.1 Activation in Human T-Cell Lymphoma HuT-78 Cells.Miki Matsui et al.Molecular pharmacology, 95(3), 294-302 (2019-01-10) HIV Tat excites D1 receptor-like expressing neurons from rat nucleus accumbens.G Cristina Brailoiu et al.Drug and alcohol dependence, 178, 7-14 (2017-06-18) Ubiquitously expressed Human Beta Defensin 1 (hBD1) forms bacteria-entrapping nets in a redox dependent mode of action.Judith Raschig et al.PLoS pathogens, 13(3), e1006261-e1006261 (2017-03-23) Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Expression Mediates Capsaicin-Induced Cell Death.Ricardo Ramírez-Barrantes et al.Frontiers in physiology, 9, 682-682 (2018-06-21) Chemical compositions and antiproliferation activities of the chloroform fraction from Pyropolyporus fomentarius in K562 cells.Y Zhang et al.Human & experimental toxicology, 34(7), 732-743 (2014-11-19) Cellular binding of nanoparticles disrupts the membrane potential.Emilie A K Warren et al.RSC advances, 5(18), 13660-13666 (2015-02-17) Bio-denitrification performance enhanced by graphene-facilitated iron acquisition.Meng Jiang et al.Water research, 180, 115916-115916 (2020-05-22) Toxicity mechanisms of ZnO UV-filters used in sunscreens toward the model cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.Anne Vicente et al.Environmental science and pollution research international, 26(22), 22450-22463 (2019-06-05) Monitoring and modeling of lymphocytic leukemia cell bioenergetics reveals decreased ATP synthesis during cell division.Joon Ho Kang et al.Nature communications, 11(1), 4983-4983 (2020-10-07) GPR35 promotes glycolysis, proliferation, and oncogenic signaling by engaging with the sodium potassium pump.Georg Schneditz et al.Science signaling, 12(562) (2019-01-03) Graphene Oxide increases mammalian spermatozoa fertilizing ability by extracting cholesterol from their membranes and promoting capacitation.Nicola Bernabò et al.Scientific reports, 9(1), 8155-8155 (2019-06-01) Simultaneous production of lactobionic and gluconic acid in cheese whey/glucose co-fermentation by Pseudomonas taetrolens.Saúl Alonso et al.Bioresource technology, 196, 314-323 (2015-08-09) Depletion of reactive oxygen species induced by chlorogenic acid triggers apoptosis-like death in Escherichia coli.Bin Lee et al.Free radical research, 52(5), 605-615 (2018-03-28) Type AII lantibiotic bovicin HJ50 with a rare disulfide bond: structure, structure-activity relationships and mode of action.Jie Zhang et al.The Biochemical journal, 461(3), 497-508 (2014-05-13) Functional display of ice nucleation protein InaZ on the surface of bacterial ghosts.Johannes Kassmannhuber et al.Bioengineered, 8(5), 488-500 (2017-01-26) BKCa channel inhibitor modulates the tumorigenic ability of hormone-independent breast cancer cells via the Wnt pathway.Brandon M Schickling et al.Oncology reports, 33(2), 533-538 (2014-11-26) Restriction endonuclease triggered bacterial apoptosis as a mechanism for long time survival.Easa Nagamalleswari et al.Nucleic acids research, 45(14), 8423-8434 (2017-09-01) The protective effect of lipid emulsion in preventing bupivacaine-induced mitochondrial injury and apoptosis of H9C2 cardiomyocytes.Zhe Chen et al.Drug delivery, 24(1), 430-436 (2017-02-07) Enhancing osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs on high magnetoelectric response films.Jiamin Zhang et 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C, Materials for biological applications, 113, 110970-110970 (2020-06-04) New Insights Regarding Yeast Survival following Exposure to Liposomal Amphotericin B.Rita Teixeira-Santos et al.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 59(10), 6181-6187 (2015-08-08) Upregulation of KCa3.1 K(+) channel in mesenteric lymph node CD4(+) T lymphocytes from a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced inflammatory bowel disease.Susumu Ohya et al.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 306(10), G873-G885 (2014-03-29) Chitosan oligosaccharide-N-chlorokojic acid mannich base polymer as a potential antibacterial material.Xiaoli Liu et al.Carbohydrate polymers, 182, 225-234 (2017-12-28) Resveratrol reverses the adverse effects of bevacizumab on cultured ARPE-19 cells.Murali Subramani et al.Scientific reports, 7(1), 12242-12242 (2017-09-28) The chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) controls cellular quiescence by hyperpolarizing the cell membrane during diapause in the crustacean Artemia.An-Qi Li et al.The Journal of biological chemistry, 294(16), 6598-6611 (2019-02-16) Antifungal activity and pore-forming mechanism of astacidin 1 against Candida albicans.Hyemin Choi et al.Biochimie, 105, 58-63 (2014-06-24) A charge-sensing region in the stromal interaction molecule 1 luminal domain confers stabilization-mediated inhibition of SOCE in response to S-nitrosylation.Jinhui Zhu et al.The Journal of biological chemistry, 293(23), 8900-8911 (2018-04-18) Long-Term, Stochastic Editing of Regenerative Anatomy via Targeting Endogenous Bioelectric Gradients.Fallon Durant et al.Biophysical journal, 112(10), 2231-2243 (2017-05-26) Michael Knopp et al.mBio, 10(3) (2019-06-06)The origin of novel genes and beneficial functions is of fundamental interest in evolutionary biology. New genes can originate from different mechanisms, including horizontal gene transfer, duplication-divergence, and de novo from noncoding DNA sequences. Comparative genomics has generated strong evidence... PMAP-23 triggers cell death by nitric oxide-induced redox imbalance in Escherichia coli.Suhyun Kim et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects, 1863(7), 1187-1195 (2019-04-27) Impact of triclosan adaptation on membrane properties, efflux and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli clinical isolates.F I Sonbol et al.Journal of applied microbiology, 126(3), 730-739 (2018-11-16) Bactericidal effect of 266 to 279nm wavelength UVC-LEDs for inactivation of Gram positive and Gram negative foodborne pathogenic bacteria and yeasts.Do-Kyun Kim et al.Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.), 97, 280-287 (2017-06-05) Gap Junctional Blockade Stochastically Induces Different Species-Specific Head Anatomies in Genetically Wild-Type Girardia dorotocephala Flatworms.Maya Emmons-Bell et al.International journal of molecular sciences, 16(11), 27865-27896 (2015-11-28) The immunomodulatory effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the RAW264.7 cells by modification of the membrane structure and function.Nana Bie et al.Food & function, 11(3), 2603-2616 (2020-03-11) 99mTc-MIBI uptake as a marker of mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells and effects of MDR1 and verapamil.Jin Won Park et al.PloS one, 15(2), e0228848-e0228848 (2020-02-13) The Role of Early Bioelectric Signals in the Regeneration of Planarian Anterior/Posterior Polarity.Fallon Durant et al.Biophysical journal, 116(5), 948-961 (2019-02-26) Harmaline and its Derivatives Against the Infectious Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia coli.Hina Siddiqui et al.Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)), 13(5), 465-476 (2017-01-27) Polymyxins Bind to the Cell Surface of Unculturable Acinetobacter baumannii and Cause Unique Dependent Resistance.Yan Zhu et al.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 7(15), 2000704-2000704 (2020-08-11) Characterization of the steady-state and dynamic fluorescence properties of the potential-sensitive dye bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol (Dibac4(3)) in model systems and cells.D E Epps et al.Chemistry and physics of lipids, 69(2), 137-150 (1994-02-01) AtCNGC2 is involved in jasmonic acid-induced calcium mobilization.Min Lu et al.Journal of experimental botany, 67(3), 809-819 (2015-11-27) Small molecule-facilitated anion transporters in cells for a novel therapeutic approach to cystic fibrosis.Michele Fiore et al.British journal of pharmacology, 176(11), 1764-1779 (2019-03-03) Ginkgolide A Prevents the Amyloid-β-Induced Depolarization of Cortical Neurons.Li-Chen Kuo et al.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 67(1), 81-89 (2018-12-14) Multi-parameter flow cytometry as a process analytical technology (PAT) approach for the assessment of bacterial ghost production.Timo Langemann et al.Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 100(1), 409-418 (2015-11-02) A New Model of Sensorial Neuron-Like Cells for HTS of Novel Analgesics for Neuropathic Pain.Antón L Martínez et al.SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 24(2), 158-168 (2018-11-02) Aminoglycoside-inducible expression of the mexAB-oprM multidrug efflux operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Involvement of the envelope stress-responsive AmgRS two-component system.Michael Fruci et al.PloS one, 13(10), e0205036-e0205036 (2018-10-06) Efficacy of oregano and rosemary essential oils to affect morphology and membrane functions of noncultivable sessile cells of Salmonella Enteritidis 86 in biofilms formed on stainless steel.M C Lira et al.Journal of applied microbiology, 128(2), 376-386 (2019-08-27) Bioelectrical and cytoskeletal patterns correlate with altered axial polarity in the follicular epithelium of the Drosophila mutant gurken.Susanne Katharina Schotthöfer et al.BMC developmental biology, 20(1), 5-5 (2020-03-15) The activity of IKCa and BKCa channels contributes to insulin-mediated NO synthesis and vascular tone regulation in human umbilical vein.Susana Rojas et al.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 99, 7-16 (2020-03-14) Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 contributes to early-stage endothelial injury induced by arsenic trioxide.Chun-Xiao Yu et al.Toxicology letters, 312, 98-108 (2019-05-06) Silymarin exerts antifungal effects via membrane-targeted mode of action by increasing permeability and inducing oxidative stress.Dae Gyu Yun et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1859(3), 467-474 (2017-01-11) Identification and functional study of three nAChR regulators, ubiquilin-1, PICK1, and CRELD2, in Locusta migratoria manilensis dorsal unpaired median neurons.Na Yu et al.Journal of neurochemistry, 149(3), 331-345 (2018-11-30) Autocrine regulation of glioma cell proliferation via pHe-sensitive K(+) channels.Honasoge A, et al. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology, 306, C493-C505 (2014) The effect of anodal/cathodal biphasic electrical stimulation on insulin release.David Siegel et al.Journal of cellular physiology (2019-02-13) Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite Coated with Arthemisia absinthium Composites.Mariana Stefania Raita et al.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(2) (2020-01-23) Possible Contribution of Inflammation-Associated Hypoxia to Increased K2P5.1 K+ Channel Expression in CD4+ T cells of the Mouse Model for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Kyoko Endo et al.International journal of molecular sciences, 21(1) (2019-12-22) Heterogenic response of prokaryotes toward silver nanoparticles and ions is facilitated by phenotypes and attachment of silver aggregates to cell surfaces.Yuting Guo et al.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, 91(8), 775-784 (2017-01-23) Regulation of intracellular pH by electrogenic Na+/HCO3- co-transporters in embryonic neural stem cell-derived radial glia-like cells.Tommy Nordström et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes, 1861(6), 1037-1048 (2019-03-21) The fungicide dodine primarily inhibits mitochondrial respiration in Ustilago maydis, but also affects plasma membrane integrity and endocytosis, which is not found in Zymoseptoria tritici.Martin Schuster et al.Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B, 142, 103414-103414 (2020-06-01) Distinct Effects of miR-210 Reduction on Neurogenesis: Increased Neuronal Survival of Inflammation But Reduced Proliferation Associated with Mitochondrial Enhancement.Ludmila A Voloboueva et al.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 37(11), 3072-3084 (2017-02-12) Silver Nanoparticles Against Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium: Role of Inner Membrane Dysfunction.Minju Seong et al.Current microbiology, 74(6), 661-670 (2017-03-23) Heterologous Expression of Chaperones from Hyperthermophilic Archaea Inhibits Aminoglycoside-Induced Protein Misfolding in Escherichia coli.S Peng et al.Biochemistry. 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