Boiling point	113-124 ºC (16 Torr)**
Flash point	103.7±18.7 ºC, 计算值*
Density	1.9110 g/cm3 (20 ºC)**
Refractive index	1.4731 (589.3 nm 20 ºC)**

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Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Synthetic Route

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Articles

Peer-Reviewed Papers

The influence of atropine and adrenaline on basal lymph flow in the neck region.P Thommesen et al.Lymphology, 12(4), 272-274 (1979-12-01) Sympathetic vasodilation in human muscle.M J Joyner et al.Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 177(3), 329-336 (2003-03-01) Rapacuronium augments acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction via positive allosteric interactions at the M3 muscarinic receptor.Edmund H Jooste et al.Anesthesiology, 103(6), 1195-1203 (2005-11-25) Effects of zidovudine, stavudine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid on lipid homeostasis in mice: possible role in human fat wasting.Caroline Maisonneuve et al.Antiviral therapy, 9(5), 801-810 (2004-11-13) Differential 12C-/13C-isotope dansylation labeling and fast liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for absolute and relative quantification of the metabolome.Kevin Guo et al.Analytical chemistry, 81(10), 3919-3932 (2009-03-25) Iptakalim inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated currents in dopamine neurons acutely dissociated from rat substantia nigra pars compacta.J Hu et al.Neuroscience letters, 403(1-2), 57-62 (2006-05-30) Urinary and plasma organic acids and amino acids in chronic fatigue syndrome.Mark G Jones et al.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 361(1-2), 150-158 (2005-07-05) In vivo evidence that Agxt2 can regulate plasma levels of dimethylarginines in mice.Anja Kittel et al.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 430(1), 84-89 (2012-11-17) Effects of β-aminoisobutyric acid on leptin production and lipid homeostasis: mechanisms and possible relevance for the prevention of obesity.Karima Begriche et al.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 24(3), 269-282 (2009-09-09) N tau-Ribosylhistidine, a novel histidine derivative in urine of histidinemic patients. Isolation, structure, and tissue level.I Imamura et al.The Journal of biological chemistry, 260(19), 10528-10530 (1985-09-05) Stereodifferentiation of 3-hydroxyisobutyric- and 3-aminoisobutyric acid in human urine by enantioselective multidimensional capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.F Podebrad et al.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 292(1-2), 93-105 (2000-02-25) Urinary excretion of beta-aminoisobutyric acid in hematological diseases.Ts Enkhjargal et al.Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology, 52(1), 17-21 (2004-02-19) Placental transfer and pharmacokinetics of atropine after a single maternal intravenous and intramuscular administration.J Kanto et al.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 25(2), 85-88 (1981-04-01) Fos immunolabelling evidence for brain regions involved in the Pavlovian degraded contingency effect and in its disruption by atropine.Sebastien Carnicella et al.Neuropharmacology, 51(1), 102-111 (2006-05-09) A genome-wide association study of metabolic traits in human urine.Karsten Suhre et al.Nature genetics, 43(6), 565-569 (2011-05-17) Genetic analysis of reproduction in the Buryat populations.Nailija Khajievna Spitsyna et al.Journal of physiological anthropology and applied human science, 24(4), 345-349 (2005-08-05) Chiral resolution of atropine, homatropine and eight synthetic tropinyl and piperidinyl esters by capillary zone electrophoresis with cyclodextrin additives.L J Jin et al.Electrophoresis, 20(1), 198-203 (1999-03-05) High doses of stavudine induce fat wasting and mild liver damage without impairing mitochondrial respiration in mice.Anissa Igoudjil et al.Antiviral therapy, 12(3), 389-400 (2007-06-27) A protein-leucine supplement increases branched-chain amino acid and nitrogen turnover but not performance.Andre R Nelson et al.Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 44(1), 57-68 (2011-06-21) Transplacental pharmacokinetics and fetal distribution of 2', 3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine (d4T) and its metabolites in late-term rhesus macaques.T A Patterson et al.Teratology, 62(2), 93-99 (2000-08-10) Dual-column cation-exchange chromatographic method for beta-aminoisobutyric acid and beta-alanine in biological samples.K C Kuo et al.Clinical chemistry, 24(8), 1373-1380 (1978-08-01) Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease.J D Shoemaker et al.Journal of chromatography, 562(1-2), 125-138 (1991-01-02) Decrease of basal plasma histamine levels by application of atropine in man.K Kubo et al.Der Anaesthesist, 31(4), 172-173 (1982-04-01) beta-Ureidopropionase deficiency: an inborn error of pyrimidine degradation associated with neurological abnormalities.André B P van Kuilenburg et al.Human molecular genetics, 13(22), 2793-2801 (2004-09-24) Defective beta adrenergic response of cystic fibrosis sweat glands in vivo and in vitro.K Sato et al.The Journal of clinical investigation, 73(6), 1763-1771 (1984-06-01) Mitochondrial and metabolic effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in mice receiving one of five single- and three dual-NRTI treatments.Reine Note et al.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 47(11), 3384-3392 (2003-10-25) The effect of chronic atropine treatment on salivary composition and caries in rats.G E Watson et al.Journal of dental research, 68(12), 1739-1745 (1989-12-01) Short acting soft mydriatics.R H Hammer et al.Current eye research, 10(6), 565-570 (1991-06-01) Cutaneous microdialysis as a novel means of continuously stimulating eccrine sweat glands in vivo.Caroline J Morgan et al.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 126(6), 1220-1225 (2006-02-14) ß-ureidopropionase deficiency: phenotype, genotype and protein structural consequences in 16 patients.André B P van Kuilenburg et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1822(7), 1096-1108 (2012-04-25) Prominent action of butyrate over β-hydroxybutyrate as histone deacetylase inhibitor, transcriptional modulator and anti-inflammatory molecule.Sabrina Chriett et al.Scientific reports, 9(1), 742-742 (2019-01-27) Identification of physiologically active substances as novel ligands for MRGPRD.Makiko Uno et al.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2012, 816159-816159 (2012-10-24) Review: systemic absorption of topically applied ocular drugs in humans.L Salminen Journal of ocular pharmacology, 6(3), 243-249 (1990-01-01) New insights in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency: a pivotal role for beta-aminoisobutyric acid?André B P Van Kuilenburg et al.The Biochemical journal, 379(Pt 1), 119-124 (2004-01-07) Uptake and transport by the ovine placenta of neutral nonmetabolizable amino acids with different transport system affinities.M Jóźwik et al.Placenta, 19(7), 531-538 (1998-10-20) Effects of ethanol on meal-stimulated secretion of pancreatic polypeptide and cholecystokinin: comparison of healthy volunteers, heavy drinkers, and patients with chronic pancreatitis.H Hirano et al.Journal of gastroenterology, 31(1), 86-93 (1996-02-01) Airway mucus membrane: effects of beta-adrenergic and anticholinergic stimulation.W M Foster et al.The American journal of medicine, 81(5A), 28-35 (1986-11-14) Role of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 in the modulation of neuromuscular functions in the distal colon of humans and mice.M Fornai et al.Gut, 54(5), 608-616 (2005-04-16) High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of beta-alanine, beta-aminoisobutyric acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissue extracts and urine of normal and (aminooxy)acetate-treated rats.T Abe et al.Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications, 712(1-2), 43-49 (1998-08-11) Choledochal cyst. Its possible autonomic involvement in the bile duct.M Kusunoki et al.Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 122(9), 997-1000 (1987-09-01) [Beta-alanine aminotransferases on pyrimidine catabolism].N Tamaki et al.Seikagaku. The Journal of Japanese Biochemical Society, 73(9), 1151-1154 (2001-10-26) Functional selectivity of muscarinic receptor antagonists for inhibition of M3-mediated phosphoinositide responses in guinea pig urinary bladder and submandibular salivary gland.Carl P Nelson et al.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 310(3), 1255-1265 (2004-05-14) Experimental beta-alaninuria induced by (aminooxy)acetate.Y Kurozumi et al.Acta medica Okayama, 53(1), 13-18 (1999-03-30) Studies of salivary flow in borderline hypertension: effects of drugs acting on structures innervated by the autonomic nervous system.M van Hooff et al.Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 66(5), 599-604 (1984-05-01) DNA degradation in the kidney of folic acid-treated guinea pigs.P M Zeis et al.Cytobios, 102(400), 107-113 (2000-07-08) Deoxycholic acid conjugates are muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists.Jean-Pierre Raufman et al.Pharmacology, 65(4), 215-221 (2002-07-18) Role of the beta(3)-adrenoceptor in urine storage in the rat: comparison between the selective beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, CL316, 243, and various smooth muscle relaxants.H Takeda et al.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 293(3), 939-945 (2000-06-28) Nutritional implications of cephalic phase thermogenic responses.J LeBlanc Appetite, 34(2), 214-216 (2000-04-04) Detection of beta-ureidopropionase deficiency with HPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and confirmation of the defect at the enzyme level.A B Van Kuilenburg et al.Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 24(7), 725-732 (2002-01-24) Aminoaciduria resulting from vigabatrin administration in children with epilepsy.E Lahat et al.Pediatric neurology, 21(1), 460-463 (1999-07-31) DL-3-aminoisobutyric acid monohydrate.A J Dobson et al.Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications, 54 ( Pt 7), 972-974 (1998-09-18) Cholinoceptor-mediated effects on glycerol output from human adipose tissue using in situ microdialysis.K Andersson et al.British journal of pharmacology, 115(7), 1155-1162 (1995-08-01) Placental and blood-CSF transfer of orally administered diazepam in the same person.J Kanto et al.Pharmacology & toxicology, 61(1), 72-74 (1987-07-01) Beta-aminoisobutyric acid prevents diet-induced obesity in mice with partial leptin deficiency.Karima Begriche et al.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 16(9), 2053-2067 (2009-02-03) A pivotal role for beta-aminoisobutyric acid and oxidative stress in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency?A B P van Kuilenburg et al.Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids, 25(9-11), 1103-1106 (2006-10-27) Radioimmunoassay for atropine and l-hyoscyamine.R Virtanen et al.Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica, 47(3), 208-212 (1980-09-01) Pharmacokinetic implications for the clinical use of atropine, scopolamine and glycopyrrolate.J Kanto et al.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 32(2), 69-78 (1988-02-01)

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