Boiling point	200-205 ºC (1-2 Torr)**
Flash point	102.0±24.0 ºC, 计算值*
Density	0.901±0.06 g/cm3 (20 º
Refractive index	1.4875 (589.3 nm 20 ºC)***

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Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Synthetic Route

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Peer-Reviewed Papers

The low keratin affinity of efinaconazole contributes to its nail penetration and fungicidal activity in topical onychomycosis treatment.Keita Sugiura et al.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 58(7), 3837-3842 (2014-04-23) Ciclopirox olamine: a hydroxypyridone antifungal agent.B B Abrams et al.Clinics in dermatology, 9(4), 471-477 (1991-10-01) Thermogelling hydrogels of cyclodextrin/poloxamer polypseudorotaxanes as aqueous-based nail lacquers: application to the delivery of triamcinolone acetonide and ciclopirox olamine.Luis Nogueiras-Nieto et al.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V, 83(3), 370-377 (2012-12-04) Comparison of the antifungal efficacy of terbinafine hydrochloride and ciclopirox olamine containing formulations against the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum in an infected nail plate model.Anja Täuber et al.Molecular pharmaceutics, 11(7), 1991-1996 (2014-02-05) Targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway with the antifungal agent ciclopirox olamine in a murine myeloma model.Young Kim et al.In vivo (Athens, Greece), 25(6), 887-893 (2011-10-25) Mucoadhesive nanoliposomal formulation for vaginal delivery of an antifungal.Shaikh Karimunnisa et al.Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 39(9), 1328-1337 (2012-08-08) Antimycotic ciclopirox olamine in the diabetic environment promotes angiogenesis and enhances wound healing.Sae Hee Ko et al.PloS one, 6(11), e27844-e27844 (2011-11-30) Hypoxic ventilatory response in limited iron in the rat.M Pokorski et al.Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents, 26(4), 653-661 (2012-12-18) Hydration of nail plate: a novel screening model for transungual drug permeation enhancers.P Chouhan et al.International journal of pharmaceutics, 436(1-2), 179-182 (2012-06-19) Interaction between ciclopirox and acenocoumarol.José A Morales-Molina et al.European journal of clinical pharmacology, 69(3), 727-728 (2012-07-14) Determination of ciclopirox olamine in pharmaceutical products by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection.Fabiana Silva Felix et al.Electrophoresis, 32(8), 900-905 (2011-03-12) Oral ciclopirox olamine displays biological activity in a phase I study in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.Mark D Minden et al.American journal of hematology, 89(4), 363-368 (2013-11-26) Wnt inhibitor screen reveals iron dependence of β-catenin signaling in cancers.Siyuan Song et al.Cancer research, 71(24), 7628-7639 (2011-10-20) Photodynamic inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum: in vitro activity and the role of oxidative and nitrosative bursts in fungal death.Ludmila de Matos Baltazar et al.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 68(2), 354-361 (2012-11-09) Development of ciclopirox olamine topical formulations: evaluation of drug release, penetration and cutaneous retention.Vanessa Alves Pinheiro et al.Pharmaceutical development and technology, 20(2), 197-203 (2013-11-30) Ciclopirox olamine: head to foot.F Emily Bell et al.Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 2(1), 50-51 (2003-07-11) Competitive displacement of drugs from cyclodextrin inclusion complex by polypseudorotaxane formation with poloxamer: implications in drug solubilization and delivery.Luis Nogueiras-Nieto et al.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V, 80(3), 585-595 (2011-12-21) Targeting renal cancer with a combination of WNT inhibitors and a bi-functional peptide.Christiane M Koller et al.Anticancer research, 33(6), 2435-2440 (2013-06-12) Case report: onychomycosis due to Trichophyton schoenleinii.Anna B Macura et al.Mycoses, 55(2), e18-e19 (2011-07-21) Establishment of a novel model of onychomycosis in rabbits for evaluation of antifungal agents.Tsuyoshi Shimamura et al.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 55(7), 3150-3155 (2011-05-11) [Candida glabrata : pathogenicity and therapy update].H-J Tietz Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 63(11), 868-871 (2012-08-29) Ciclopirox olamine 1% cream. A preliminary review of its antimicrobial activity and therapeutic use.S G Jue et al.Drugs, 29(4), 330-341 (1985-04-01) Targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in multiple myeloma.Leonard Christopher Schmeel et al.Anticancer research, 33(11), 4719-4726 (2013-11-14) A hypusine-eIF5A-PEAK1 switch regulates the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer.Ken Fujimura et al.Cancer research, 74(22), 6671-6681 (2014-09-28) Validation of bovine hoof slices as a model for infected human toenails: in vitro ciclopirox transungual permeation.D Monti et al.The British journal of dermatology, 165(1), 99-105 (2011-03-18) Oligodendrocytes Provide Antioxidant Defense Function for Neurons by Secreting Ferritin Heavy Chain.Chaitali Mukherjee et al.Cell metabolism, 32(2), 259-272 (2020-06-13) [When the nail is the polished one]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 154(10), 24-24 (2012-07-19) Onychomycosis due to Neoscytalidium treated with oral terbinafine, ciclopirox nail lacquer and nail abrasion: a pilot study of 25 patients.Ígor B Cursi et al.Mycopathologia, 175(1-2), 75-82 (2012-09-15) Nail penetration and predicted mycological efficacy of an innovative hydrosoluble ciclopirox nail lacquer vs. a standard amorolfine lacquer in healthy subjects.D Monti et al.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 27(2), e153-e158 (2012-03-28) Recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: focus on the vulva.Florian C Beikert et al.Mycoses, 54(6), e807-e810 (2011-05-28) The repositioning of the anti-fungal agent ciclopirox olamine as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of haematologic malignancy.S J Weir et al.Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 36(2), 128-134 (2011-03-04) Novel mTOR inhibitory activity of ciclopirox enhances parthenolide antileukemia activity.Siddhartha Sen et al.Experimental hematology, 41(9), 799-807 (2013-05-11) Standardization of hyphal growth inhibition rate as a means of evaluating Microsporum spp. in vitro susceptibility to terbinafine, griseofulvin, and ciclopiroxolamine.Fernanda Simas Corrêa Biancalana et al.Mycopathologia, 172(4), 279-285 (2011-05-26) Comparative clinical evaluation of efficacy and safety of a formulation containing ciclopirox 8% in the form of a therapeutic nail lacquer in two different posologies for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toes.Sergio Schalka et al.Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 87(1), 19-25 (2012-04-07) Efficacy of topical 4% Quassia amara gel in facial seborrheic dermatitis:a randomized, double-blind, comparative study.Christian Diehl et al.Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 12(3), 312-315 (2013-04-03) Oral ciclopirox olamine displays biological activity in a phase I study in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.Mark D Minden et al.American journal of hematology, 89(4), 363-368 (2013-11-26) Photodynamic inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum: in vitro activity and the role of oxidative and nitrosative bursts in fungal death.Ludmila de Matos Baltazar et al.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 68(2), 354-361 (2012-11-09) Development of ciclopirox olamine topical formulations: evaluation of drug release, penetration and cutaneous retention.Vanessa Alves Pinheiro et al.Pharmaceutical development and technology, 20(2), 197-203 (2013-11-30) Ciclopirox olamine: head to foot.F Emily Bell et al.Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 2(1), 50-51 (2003-07-11) Competitive displacement of drugs from cyclodextrin inclusion complex by polypseudorotaxane formation with poloxamer: implications in drug solubilization and delivery.Luis Nogueiras-Nieto et al.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V, 80(3), 585-595 (2011-12-21) Targeting renal cancer with a combination of WNT inhibitors and a bi-functional peptide.Christiane M Koller et al.Anticancer research, 33(6), 2435-2440 (2013-06-12) Onychomycosis due to Neoscytalidium treated with oral terbinafine, ciclopirox nail lacquer and nail abrasion: a pilot study of 25 patients.Ígor B Cursi et al.Mycopathologia, 175(1-2), 75-82 (2012-09-15) Rescue of the mutant CFTR chloride channel by pharmacological correctors and low temperature analyzed by gene expression profiling.Elvira Sondo et al.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 301(4), C872-C885 (2011-07-15) Determination of ciclopirox olamine in pharmaceutical products by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection.Fabiana Silva Felix et al.Electrophoresis, 32(8), 900-905 (2011-03-12) Establishment of a novel model of onychomycosis in rabbits for evaluation of antifungal agents.Tsuyoshi Shimamura et al.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 55(7), 3150-3155 (2011-05-11) Wnt inhibitor screen reveals iron dependence of β-catenin signaling in cancers.Siyuan Song et al.Cancer research, 71(24), 7628-7639 (2011-10-20) The low keratin affinity of efinaconazole contributes to its nail penetration and fungicidal activity in topical onychomycosis treatment.Keita Sugiura et al.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 58(7), 3837-3842 (2014-04-23) Comparison of visual assessments versus planimetry assessments in a large-scale clinical trial of onychomycosis.Aditya K Gupta et al.The Journal of dermatological treatment, 25(3), 256-259 (2012-05-30) The safety and efficacy of ciclopirox olamine for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.Agron Starova et al.Expert opinion on drug safety, 4(2), 235-239 (2005-03-30) Antimycotic ciclopirox olamine in the diabetic environment promotes angiogenesis and enhances wound healing.Sae Hee Ko et al.PloS one, 6(11), e27844-e27844 (2011-11-30) Fungicidal drugs induce a common oxidative-damage cellular death pathway.Peter Belenky et al.Cell reports, 3(2), 350-358 (2013-02-19) Tinea corporis bullosa due to Trichophyton schoenleinii: case report.Mihai Mareş et al.Mycopathologia, 174(4), 319-322 (2012-05-12) Hydration of nail plate: a novel screening model for transungual drug permeation enhancers.P Chouhan et al.International journal of pharmaceutics, 436(1-2), 179-182 (2012-06-19) Interaction between ciclopirox and acenocoumarol.José A Morales-Molina et al.European journal of clinical pharmacology, 69(3), 727-728 (2012-07-14) Rescue of the mutant CFTR chloride channel by pharmacological correctors and low temperature analyzed by gene expression profiling.Elvira Sondo et al.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 301(4), C872-C885 (2011-07-15) Comparison of visual assessments versus planimetry assessments in a large-scale clinical trial of onychomycosis.Aditya K Gupta et al.The Journal of dermatological treatment, 25(3), 256-259 (2012-05-30) The safety and efficacy of ciclopirox olamine for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.Agron Starova et al.Expert opinion on drug safety, 4(2), 235-239 (2005-03-30) Fungicidal drugs induce a common oxidative-damage cellular death pathway.Peter Belenky et al.Cell reports, 3(2), 350-358 (2013-02-19) Tinea corporis bullosa due to Trichophyton schoenleinii: case report.Mihai Mareş et al.Mycopathologia, 174(4), 319-322 (2012-05-12) Standardization of hyphal growth inhibition rate as a means of evaluating Microsporum spp. in vitro susceptibility to terbinafine, griseofulvin, and ciclopiroxolamine.Fernanda Simas Corrêa Biancalana et al.Mycopathologia, 172(4), 279-285 (2011-05-26) Comparative clinical evaluation of efficacy and safety of a formulation containing ciclopirox 8% in the form of a therapeutic nail lacquer in two different posologies for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toes.Sergio Schalka et al.Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 87(1), 19-25 (2012-04-07) Efficacy of topical 4% Quassia amara gel in facial seborrheic dermatitis:a randomized, double-blind, comparative study.Christian Diehl et al.Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 12(3), 312-315 (2013-04-03) Hypoxic ventilatory response in limited iron in the rat.M Pokorski et al.Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents, 26(4), 653-661 (2012-12-18) Ciclopirox olamine: a hydroxypyridone antifungal agent.B B Abrams et al.Clinics in dermatology, 9(4), 471-477 (1991-10-01) Thermogelling hydrogels of cyclodextrin/poloxamer polypseudorotaxanes as aqueous-based nail lacquers: application to the delivery of triamcinolone acetonide and ciclopirox olamine.Luis Nogueiras-Nieto et al.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V, 83(3), 370-377 (2012-12-04) Comparison of the antifungal efficacy of terbinafine hydrochloride and ciclopirox olamine containing formulations against the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum in an infected nail plate model.Anja Täuber et al.Molecular pharmaceutics, 11(7), 1991-1996 (2014-02-05) Targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway with the antifungal agent ciclopirox olamine in a murine myeloma model.Young Kim et al.In vivo (Athens, Greece), 25(6), 887-893 (2011-10-25) [When the nail is the polished one]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 154(10), 24-24 (2012-07-19) [Candida glabrata : pathogenicity and therapy update].H-J Tietz Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 63(11), 868-871 (2012-08-29) Mucoadhesive nanoliposomal formulation for vaginal delivery of an antifungal.Shaikh Karimunnisa et al.Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 39(9), 1328-1337 (2012-08-08)

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