Melting point	351-352 ºC**
Density	1.568±0.06 g/cm3 (20 º

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Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Peer-Reviewed Papers

NNZ-2566, a glypromate analog, improves functional recovery and attenuates apoptosis and inflammation in a rat model of penetrating ballistic-type brain injury.Xi-Chun May Lu et al.Journal of neurotrauma, 26(1), 141-154 (2009-01-06) Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery (REALISE): design of a randomised controlled trial.Teddy Oosterhuis et al.BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 14, 124-124 (2013-04-09) Central penetration and stability of N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-I, glycine-proline-glutamate in adult rat.A M Baker et al.Neuropeptides, 39(2), 81-87 (2005-03-09) Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of glycine-modified analogues of the neuroprotective agent glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid (GPE).Michelle Y H Lai et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 13(2), 533-548 (2004-12-16) Ethyl acetate extract from Glycosmis parva leaf induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest by decreasing expression of COX-2 and altering BCL-2 family gene expression in human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells.Nattaporn Buranabunwong et al.Pharmaceutical biology, 53(4), 540-547 (2014-10-31) Prussian blue-doped nanosized polyaniline for electrochemical detection of benzenediol isomers.Bhargav R Patel et al.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 412(8), 1769-1784 (2020-02-12) Phospholipids trigger Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.Cara J Chrisman et al.PLoS pathogens, 7(5), e1002047-e1002047 (2011-06-04) The IGF-I amino-terminal tripeptide glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE) is neuroprotective to striatum in the quinolinic acid lesion animal model of Huntington's disease.T Alexi et al.Experimental neurology, 159(1), 84-97 (1999-09-16) Neuroprotective effects of Gly-Pro-Glu, the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1, in the hippocampus in vitro.J Saura et al.Neuroreport, 10(1), 161-164 (1999-03-27) Grape Pomace Extracts as Fermentation Medium for the Production of Potential Biopreservation Compounds.Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang et al.Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 8(2) (2019-02-06) NNZ-2566, a glypromate analog, attenuates brain ischemia-induced non-convulsive seizures in rats.Xi-Chun M Lu et al.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 29(12), 1924-1932 (2009-07-30) Grape Peel Extract and Resveratrol Inhibit Wrinkle Formation in Mice Model Through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.Jungeun Kim et al.Journal of food science, 84(6), 1600-1608 (2019-05-28) N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1 (GPE) prevents the loss of TH positive neurons after 6-OHDA induced nigral lesion in rats.J Guan et al.Brain research, 859(2), 286-292 (2000-03-17) The neuroprotective activity of GPE tripeptide analogues does not correlate with glutamate receptor binding affinity.Sergio A Alonso De Diego et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 16(13), 3396-3400 (2006-05-03) Identification of Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE), the aminoterminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor 1 which is truncated in brain, as a novel neuroactive peptide.V R Sara et al.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 165(2), 766-771 (1989-12-15) Development of a Solid Dispersion System for Improving the Oral Bioavailability of Resveratrol in Rats.Chih-Wei Chang et al.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 42(2), 239-249 (2016-04-28) Delayed peripheral administration of the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1 (GPE) reduces brain damage following microsphere induced embolic damage in young adult and aged rats.Shlomo Shapira et al.Neuroscience letters, 454(1), 53-57 (2009-05-12) Grape pomace extract supplementation activates FNDC5/irisin in muscle and promotes white adipose browning in rats fed a high-fat diet.Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi et al.Food & function, 11(2), 1537-1546 (2020-01-31) Analogues of the neuroprotective tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE): synthesis and structure-activity relationships.Sergio A Alonso De Diego et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 15(9), 2279-2283 (2005-04-20) Heng Wang et al.Oncology letters, 6(1), 113-117 (2013-08-16) Grape polyphenols reduce gut-localized reactive oxygen species associated with the development of metabolic syndrome in mice.Peter Kuhn et al.PloS one, 13(10), e0198716-e0198716 (2018-10-12) IGF-1 derived small neuropeptides and analogues: a novel strategy for the development of pharmaceuticals for neurological conditions.Jian Guan et al.British journal of pharmacology, 157(6), 881-891 (2009-05-15) The evolving large-strain shear responses of progressively osteoarthritic human cartilage.F Maier et al.Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 27(5), 810-822 (2019-01-21) Anthocyanin-Rich Grape Pomace Extract (Vitis vinifera L.) from Wine Industry Affects Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Glucose Metabolism in Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells.Nathalia F F de Sales et al.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 23(3) (2018-03-09) Effect of nanoencapsulation using PLGA on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of guabiroba fruit phenolic extract.Marina C Pereira et al.Food chemistry, 240, 396-404 (2017-09-28) Delayed peripheral administration of a GPE analogue induces astrogliosis and angiogenesis and reduces inflammation and brain injury following hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat.Pernilla Svedin et al.Developmental neuroscience, 29(4-5), 393-402 (2007-09-01) One-minute stair climbing, 50-foot walk, and timed up-and-go were responsive measures for patients with chronic low back pain undergoing lumbar fusion surgery.Max Jakobsson et al.BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 20(1), 137-137 (2019-04-01) GPE and GPE analogues as promising neuroprotective agents.I Cacciatore et al.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 12(1), 13-23 (2011-11-11) N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1 improves functional deficits after 6-OHDA lesion in rats.Rita Krishnamurthi et al.Neuroreport, 15(10), 1601-1604 (2004-07-03) A Novel Synthesis of Poly(Ester-Alt-Selenide)s by Ring-Opening Copolymerization of γ-Selenobutyrolactone and Epoxy Monomer.Ya'nan Wang et al.Polymers, 12(5) (2020-05-30) Neuroprotective effects of the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1, glycine-proline-glutamate, in the immature rat brain after hypoxic-ischemic injury.S V Sizonenko et al.Brain research, 922(1), 42-50 (2001-12-04) Guava pomace: a new source of anti-inflammatory and analgesic bioactives.Carina Denny et al.BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 13, 235-235 (2013-09-26) Pharmacokinetics of glycine-proline-glutamate, the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-1, in rats.D C Batchelor et al.Analytical biochemistry, 323(2), 156-163 (2003-12-06) NEMO: Extraction and normalization of organization names from PubMed affiliations.Siddhartha Reddy Jonnalagadda et al.Journal of biomedical discovery and collaboration, 5, 50-75 (2010-10-06) Grape proanthocyanidin-induced intestinal bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila is dependent on its baseline abundance and precedes activation of host genes related to metabolic health.Li Zhang et al.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 56, 142-151 (2018-03-24) Synthesis and neuroprotective activity of analogues of glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid (GPE) modified at the alpha-carboxylic acid.Nicholas S Trotter et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 13(2), 501-517 (2004-12-16) Effects of a Tripeptide on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Glycogen Synthase Kinase Activation in a Cell Line Derived from the Foetal Hippocampus of a Trisomy 16 Mouse: an Animal Model of Down Syndrome.Tushar Arora et al.Neurotoxicity research, 37(3), 714-723 (2019-12-06) Contrast Dispersion on Epidurography May Be Associated with Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty Using an Inflatable Balloon Catheter.Doo-Hwan Kim et al.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 21(4), 677-685 (2019-09-19) Multifunctional Free-Standing Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Carbon Nanofiber Interlayers for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.Sinho Choi et al.Chemistry, an Asian journal, 12(13), 1470-1474 (2017-05-13) Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its derivatives: potential pharmaceutical application for ischemic brain injury.Jian Guan Recent patents on CNS drug discovery, 3(2), 112-127 (2008-06-10) Binding global and local object features in visual working memory.Justin M Ericson et al.Attention, perception & psychophysics, 78(1), 94-106 (2015-10-30) Behavioral oscillation in global/local processing: Global alpha oscillations mediate global precedence effect.Ling Liu et al.Journal of vision, 19(5), 12-12 (2019-05-18) A three amino acid peptide, Gly-Pro-Arg, protects and rescues cell death induced by amyloid beta-peptide.Marina Ioudina et al.Experimental neurology, 184(2), 923-929 (2004-02-11) Combining insulin-like growth factor derivatives plus caffeinol produces robust neuroprotection after stroke in rats.Xiurong Zhao et al.Stroke, 36(1), 129-134 (2004-12-01) Glycerol-3-phosphate Acyltransferase 1 Promotes Tumor Cell Migration and Poor Survival in Ovarian Carcinoma.Rosemarie Marchan et al.Cancer research, 77(17), 4589-4601 (2017-06-28) Pathogenicity and Genetic Characterization of Vietnamese Classical Swine Fever Virus: 2014-2018.SeEun Choe et al.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 9(3) (2020-03-04) Gly-Pro-Glu protects beta-amyloid-induced somatostatin depletion in the rat cortex.David Aguado-Llera et al.Neuroreport, 15(12), 1979-1982 (2004-08-12) Reduced obesity, diabetes, and steatosis upon cinnamon and grape pomace are associated with changes in gut microbiota and markers of gut barrier.Matthias Van Hul et al.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 314(4), E334-E352 (2017-09-07) Insulin-like growth factor-I peptides act centrally to decrease depression-like behavior of mice treated intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide.Sook-Eun Park et al.Journal of neuroinflammation, 8, 179-179 (2011-12-23) Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of side chain modified glutamic acid analogues of the neuroprotective agent glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid (GPE).Margaret A Brimble et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 13(2), 519-532 (2004-12-16) Neuroprotective effects of the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-1, glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE) following intravenous infusion in hypoxic-ischemic adult rats.J Guan et al.Neuropharmacology, 47(6), 892-903 (2004-11-06) Genome sequence of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans strain 4834-R reveals that flagellar motility is not a general feature of xanthomonads.Armelle Darrasse et al.BMC genomics, 14, 761-761 (2013-11-08) Synthesis of macrocyclic analogues of the neuroprotective agent glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid (GPE).Paul W R Harris et al.Organic & biomolecular chemistry, 4(14), 2696-2709 (2006-07-11)

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