Boiling point	248 ºC**
Flash point	109.6±7.2 ºC, 计算值*
Density	0.948±0.06 g/cm3 (20 º
Refractive index	1.5224 (589.3 nm 25 ºC)***

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Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Articles

Peer-Reviewed Papers

Rapid synthesis of PEGylated ultrasmall gadolinium oxide nanoparticles for cell labeling and tracking with MRI.Luc Faucher et al.ACS applied materials & interfaces, 4(9), 4506-4515 (2012-07-28) Peptide-mediated nanoengineering of inorganic particle surfaces: a general route toward surface functionalization via peptide adhesion domains.Thorsten Schwemmer et al.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(4), 2385-2391 (2012-01-14) Ultra-small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles to image brain cancer cells in vivo with MRI.Luc Faucher et al.Contrast media & molecular imaging, 6(4), 209-218 (2011-08-24) Designing tripodal and triangular gadolinium oxide nanoplates and self-assembled nanofibrils as potential multimodal bioimaging probes.Taejong Paik et al.ACS nano, 7(3), 2850-2859 (2013-02-26) Cytotoxic and genotoxic characterization of titanium dioxide, gadolinium oxide, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in human fibroblasts.Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati et al.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 101(3), 633-640 (2012-08-29) Paramagnetic nanoparticles as potential MRI contrast agents: characterization, NMR relaxation, simulations and theory.Quoc Lam Vuong et al.Magma (New York, N.Y.), 25(6), 467-478 (2012-07-14) Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells for MRI contrast enhancement.Anna Hedlund et al.International journal of nanomedicine, 6, 3233-3240 (2012-01-10) Comparative bio-effects of SiO2/Gd2O3 nanoparticles depending on their core-shell structures.Mingyi Zhang et al.Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 13(2), 1270-1273 (2013-05-08) Effect of different fuels on structural, thermo and photoluminescent properties of Gd2O3 nanoparticles.N Dhananjaya et al.Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, 96, 532-540 (2012-07-04) Optimization of nano-phosphor synthesis by including sensitizer doping for medical X-ray imaging.Ji-Na Kim et al.Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 13(5), 3455-3458 (2013-07-19) Impact of agglomeration on the relaxometric properties of paramagnetic ultra-small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles.Luc Faucher et al.Nanotechnology, 22(29), 295103-295103 (2011-06-23) Gd2O3 nanoparticles: size-dependent nuclear magnetic resonance.A T M Anishur Rahman et al.Contrast media & molecular imaging, 8(1), 92-95 (2012-10-31) Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles as potential multimodal imaging and therapeutic agents.Tae Jeong Kim et al.Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 13(4), 422-433 (2013-02-26) In vitro and in vivo investigations of upconversion and NIR emitting Gd₂O₃:Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ nanostructures for biomedical applications.Eva Hemmer et al.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 23(10), 2399-2412 (2012-05-17) Cytotoxic aspects of gadolinium oxide nanostructures for up-conversion and NIR bioimaging.Eva Hemmer et al.Acta biomaterialia, 9(1), 4734-4743 (2012-09-12) Human aortic endothelial cell labeling with positive contrast gadolinium oxide nanoparticles for cellular magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla.Yasir Loai et al.Molecular imaging, 11(2), 166-175 (2012-04-04) Silica nanoparticles coencapsulating gadolinium oxide and horseradish peroxidase for imaging and therapeutic applications.Nikesh Gupta et al.International journal of nanomedicine, 7, 5491-5500 (2012-12-13) Surface modification of gadolinium oxide thin films and nanoparticles using poly(ethylene glycol)-phosphate.Andrée-Anne Guay-Bégin et al.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 28(1), 774-782 (2011-10-06) Gadolinium(3+)-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a potential magnetic resonance tracer for monitoring the migration of stem cells in vivo.Yingying Shen et al.International journal of nanomedicine, 8, 119-127 (2013-01-16) Novel lanthanide-labeled metal oxide nanoparticles improve the measurement of in vivo clearance and translocation.Aamir D Abid et al.Particle and fibre toxicology, 10, 1-1 (2013-01-12) Size-controlled and biocompatible Gd2 O3 nanoparticles for dual photoacoustic and MR imaging.Yu Kimura et al.Advanced healthcare materials, 1(5), 657-660 (2012-11-28) Effects of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles on the oxidative burst from human neutrophil granulocytes.Natalia Abrikossova et al.Nanotechnology, 23(27), 275101-275101 (2012-06-19) Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) encapsulated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles for MRI-based cell tracking.Margaret F Bennewitz et al.Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 13(6), 3778-3783 (2013-07-19) Single-phased luminescent mesoporous nanoparticles for simultaneous cell imaging and anticancer drug delivery.Weihua Di et al.Biomaterials, 32(29), 7226-7233 (2011-07-13) Long-circulating Gd(2)O(3):Yb(3+), Er(3+) up-conversion nanoprobes as high-performance contrast agents for multi-modality imaging.Zhen Liu et al.Biomaterials, 34(6), 1712-1721 (2012-12-04) The properties of Gd2O3-assembled silica nanocomposite targeted nanoprobes and their application in MRI.Yuanzhi Shao et al.Biomaterials, 33(27), 6438-6446 (2012-06-19) A synergistically enhanced T(1) -T(2) dual-modal contrast agent.Zijian Zhou et al.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 24(46), 6223-6228 (2012-09-14)

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