Melting point	-35 ºC
Water Solubility	miscible
Boiling point	163-164 ºC
Flash point	54 ºC
Density	0.872
Refractive index	1.435-1.437

Symbol(GHS)	C
Hazard Codes	R10;R22;R34
SDS/MSDS	S16;S26;S36/37/39;S45

Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
Alfa-Aesar	View & Download
Sigma-Aldrich	View & Download
TCI	View & Download

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Peer-Reviewed Papers

The fentanyl/etomidate-anaesthetised beagle (FEAB) dog: a versatile in vivo model in cardiovascular safety research.Bruno Van Deuren et al.Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods, 60(1), 11-23 (2009-05-09) Etomidate: buy now, pay later?*.François Lauzier et al.Critical care medicine, 40(11), 3086-3087 (2012-10-20) Etomidate deteriorates the toxicity of advanced glycation end products to human endothelial Eahy926 cells.Xiaodong Wang et al.The Journal of toxicological sciences, 39(6), 887-896 (2014-11-26) Etomidate Anesthesia during ERCP Caused More Stable Haemodynamic Responses Compared with Propofol: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Jin-Chao Song et al.International journal of medical sciences, 12(7), 559-565 (2015-07-17) Interaction of anesthetics with neurotransmitter release machinery proteins.Zheng Xie et al.Journal of neurophysiology, 109(3), 758-767 (2012-11-09) Medical suppression of hypercortisolemia in Cushing's syndrome with particular consideration of etomidate.Jens Heyn et al.Pituitary, 15(2), 117-125 (2011-05-11) Pros and cons of etomidate--more discussion than evidence?Ingeborg van den Heuvel et al.Current opinion in anaesthesiology, 26(4), 404-408 (2013-06-08) Analogues of etomidate: modifications around etomidate's chiral carbon and the impact on in vitro and in vivo pharmacology.Ervin Pejo et al.Anesthesiology, 121(2), 290-301 (2014-04-30) Comparison of the effects of four anaesthetics on haematological and blood biochemical profiles in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.).Jiri Kristan et al.Neuro endocrinology letters, 33 Suppl 3, 66-71 (2013-01-29) Cardiac output decrease and propofol: what is the mechanism?David W Green British journal of anaesthesia, 114(1), 163-164 (2014-12-17) Monod-Wyman-Changeux allosteric mechanisms of action and the pharmacology of etomidate.Stuart A Forman Current opinion in anaesthesiology, 25(4), 411-418 (2012-05-23) Advancing novel anesthetics: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies of cyclopropyl-methoxycarbonyl metomidate in dogs.Jason A Campagna et al.Anesthesiology, 121(6), 1203-1216 (2014-08-30) Controversies surrounding the use of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in patients with suspected sepsis.Stephanie B Edwin et al.The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 44(7-8), 1307-1313 (2010-06-10) Newer agents for rapid sequence intubation: etomidate and rocuronium.Kevin Y Ching et al.Pediatric emergency care, 25(3), 200-207 (2009-03-17) Etomidate for critically ill patients: let us clarify the debate.Jean-Francois Payen European journal of anaesthesiology, 29(11), 504-505 (2012-10-12) Frequency of transferrin receptor positive reticulocytes (TF-Ret) in blood as an indicator of total-body radiation exposure: a pilot study in nuclear medicine patients.Klaus Hempel et al.Radiation research, 178(5), 481-488 (2012-10-04) A comparison of anesthetic regimens using etomidate and propofol in patients undergoing first-trimester abortions: double-blind, randomized clinical trial of safety and efficacy.Jing Wu et al.Contraception, 87(1), 55-62 (2012-09-22) High-content pSTAT3/1 imaging assays to screen for selective inhibitors of STAT3 pathway activation in head and neck cancer cell lines.Paul A Johnston et al.Assay and drug development technologies, 12(1), 55-79 (2013-10-17) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes restrict growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.Kasper N Kragh et al.Infection and immunity, 82(11), 4477-4486 (2014-08-13) Etomidate for critically ill patients. Con: do you really want to weaken the frail?Beatrice de la Grandville et al.European journal of anaesthesiology, 29(11), 511-514 (2012-09-12) Tonic current through GABAA receptors and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels modulate resonance properties of rat subicular pyramidal neurons.Nirnath Sah et al.The European journal of neuroscience, 40(1), 2241-2254 (2014-04-12) Blood-brain barrier breakdown involves four distinct stages of vascular damage in various models of experimental focal cerebral ischemia.Martin Krueger et al.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 35(2), 292-303 (2014-11-27) Doppler evaluation of the effects of propofol, etomidate and alphaxalone on fetoplacental circulation hemodynamics in the pregnant ewe.E Domínguez et al.Placenta, 34(9), 738-744 (2013-07-10) Etomidate-trusted alternative time to trust alternatives?Douglas B Coursin et al.Critical care medicine, 41(3), 917-919 (2013-02-22) Etomidate increases mortality in septic rats through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B rather than by causing adrenal insufficiency.Yu Zhang et al.The Journal of surgical research, 193(1), 399-406 (2014-08-12) [(3)H]metyrapol and 4-[(131)i]iodometomidate label overlapping, but not identical, binding sites on rat adrenal membranes.Michael L Berger et al.Molecular pharmaceutics, 10(3), 1119-1130 (2013-01-25) The authors reply.Chee M Chan et al.Critical care medicine, 41(6), e96-e96 (2013-05-21) Etomidate is associated with mortality and adrenal insufficiency in sepsis: a meta-analysis*.Chee Man Chan et al.Critical care medicine, 40(11), 2945-2953 (2012-09-14) Intraoperative target-controlled infusion anesthesia application using remifentanil hydrochloride with etomidate in patients with severe burn as monitored using Narcotrend.Zhenggang Guo et al.Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 41(1), 100-105 (2014-06-17) A descriptive study of myoclonus associated with etomidate procedural sedation in the ED.Adam M Yates et al.The American journal of emergency medicine, 31(5), 852-854 (2013-04-06) Antitumor DNA vaccination against the Sox2 transcription factor.Ingrid Polakova et al.International journal of oncology, 45(1), 139-146 (2014-05-03) Etomidate for critically ill patients. Pro: yes we can use it.David C Ray et al.European journal of anaesthesiology, 29(11), 506-510 (2012-08-22) Novel etomidate derivatives.J Robert Sneyd Current pharmaceutical design, 18(38), 6253-6256 (2012-07-06) Etomidate blocks LTP and impairs learning but does not enhance tonic inhibition in mice carrying the N265M point mutation in the beta3 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor.E D Zarnowska et al.Neuropharmacology, 93, 171-178 (2015-02-15) Enhanced tonic inhibition influences the hypnotic and amnestic actions of the intravenous anesthetics etomidate and propofol.Karla Kretschmannova et al.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 33(17), 7264-7273 (2013-04-26) Novel etomidate derivatives.J Robert Sneyd Current pharmaceutical design, 18(38), 6253-6256 (2012-07-06) Etomidate blocks LTP and impairs learning but does not enhance tonic inhibition in mice carrying the N265M point mutation in the beta3 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor.E D Zarnowska et al.Neuropharmacology, 93, 171-178 (2015-02-15) The pyrrole etomidate analog carboetomidate potently inhibits human 5-HT3A receptor function: comparisons with etomidate and potential implications for emetogenesis.Rooma Desai et al.Anesthesia and analgesia, 116(3), 573-579 (2013-02-13) Cholesterol-derived glucocorticoids control early fate specification in embryonic stem cells.Joaquim Cabral-Teixeira et al.Stem cell research, 15(1), 88-95 (2015-05-31) Association of preoperative uric acid and acute kidney injury following cardiovascular surgery.Kyoung-Woon Joung et al.Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 28(6), 1440-1447 (2014-09-24) Effects of Etomidate on the Steroidogenesis of Rat Immature Leydig Cells.Hua-Cheng Liu et al.PloS one, 10(11), e0139311-e0139311 (2015-11-12) Adrenal inhibition following a single dose of etomidate in intubated traumatic brain injury victims.Patrick Archambault et al.CJEM, 14(5), 270-282 (2012-09-13) Effects of pretreatment with etomidate, ketamine, phenytoin, and phenytoin/midazolam on acute, lethal cocaine toxicity.Bulent Erdur et al.Neurological research, 34(10), 952-956 (2012-09-20) The effect of a bolus dose of etomidate on cortisol levels, mortality, and health services utilization: a systematic review.Corinne M Hohl et al.Annals of emergency medicine, 56(2), 105-113 (2010-03-30) Across-Species Transfer of Protection by Remote Ischemic Preconditioning With Species-Specific Myocardial Signal Transduction by Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase and Survival Activating Factor Enhancement Pathways.Andreas Skyschally et al.Circulation research, 117(3), 279-288 (2015-06-11) The effect of etomidate on mortality in sepsis remains unclear.Sarah A Sterling et al.Critical care medicine, 41(6), e95-e95 (2013-05-21) The effect of etomidate on adrenal function in critical illness: a systematic review.Stewart G Albert et al.Intensive care medicine, 37(6), 901-910 (2011-03-05) Etomidate and other non-barbiturates.C Vanlersberghe et al.Handbook of experimental pharmacology, (182)(182), 267-282 (2008-01-05) Advantages and disadvantages of etomidate use for intubation of patients with sepsis.Antoine J Cherfan et al.Pharmacotherapy, 32(5), 475-482 (2012-04-11) Inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis by the anesthetic etomidateWagner RL, et al. The New England Journal of Medicine, 310(22), 1415-1421 (1984) Bispectral index monitors, non-invasive cardiac output monitors, and haemodynamics of induction agents.C Kakazu et al.British journal of anaesthesia, 112(1), 169-169 (2013-12-10) Bispectral index-guided induction of general anaesthesia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery using propofol or etomidate: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial.A Möller Petrun et al.British journal of anaesthesia, 110(3), 388-396 (2012-11-21) Playing with fire: debate about propofol-induced hypotension.C Z Kakazu et al.British journal of anaesthesia, 114(1), 164-165 (2014-12-17) Cysteine substitutions define etomidate binding and gating linkages in the α-M1 domain of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors.Deirdre S Stewart et al.The Journal of biological chemistry, 288(42), 30373-30386 (2013-09-07) Comparison of methohexital and etomidate as anesthetic agents for electroconvulsive therapy in affective and psychotic disorders.H Janouschek et al.Journal of psychiatric research, 47(5), 686-693 (2013-02-13) Support with intra-aortic balloon pump vs. Impella2.5® and blood flow to the heart, brain and kidneys - an experimental porcine model of ischaemic heart failure.Ole K Møller-Helgestad et al.International journal of cardiology, 178, 153-158 (2014-12-03) microRNA expression and its potential role in cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning in pigs.Theodor Baars et al.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 466(10), 1953-1961 (2014-01-07) Electrocorticographic evidence and surgical implications of different physiopathologic subtypes of temporal epilepsy.L Vega-Zelaya et al.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 125(12), 2349-2357 (2014-05-14) The benzodiazepine diazepam potentiates responses of α1β2γ2L γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors activated by either γ-aminobutyric acid or allosteric agonists.Ping Li et al.Anesthesiology, 118(6), 1417-1425 (2013-02-15) Pro: etomidate is the ideal induction agent for a cardiac anesthetic.Arne O Budde et al.Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 27(1), 180-183 (2012-11-07) Etomidate speech and memory test (eSAM) A new drug and improved intracarotid procedureJones-Gotman M, et al. Neurology, 65(11), 1723-1729 (2005) Clinical and molecular pharmacology of etomidate.Stuart A Forman Anesthesiology, 114(3), 695-707 (2011-01-26) Functional characterization of adrenal lesions using [123I]IMTO-SPECT/CT.Stefanie Hahner et al.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 98(4), 1508-1518 (2013-02-22) Con: etomidate--the ideal induction agent for a cardiac anesthetic?Anita K Malhotra Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 27(1), 178-179 (2012-11-07) Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency against legumain.Michal Smahel et al.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997), 37(5), 293-303 (2014-05-09) Etomidate and general anesthesia: the butterfly effect?Matthieu Legrand et al.Anesthesia and analgesia, 117(6), 1267-1269 (2013-11-22) Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor mediated hemodynamic profile of etomidate.Osmar Creagh et al.Puerto Rico health sciences journal, 29(2), 91-95 (2010-05-26) Anesthetic induction with etomidate, rather than propofol, is associated with increased 30-day mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery.Ryu Komatsu et al.Anesthesia and analgesia, 117(6), 1329-1337 (2013-11-22) Single-dose etomidate is not associated with increased mortality in ICU patients with sepsis: analysis of a large electronic ICU database.Laura C McPhee et al.Critical care medicine, 41(3), 774-783 (2013-01-16) Effects of anesthetic induction with midazolam-propofol and midazolam-etomidate on selected ocular and cardiorespiratory variables in clinically normal dogs.Erin G Gunderson et al.American journal of veterinary research, 74(4), 629-635 (2013-03-28) State-dependent etomidate occupancy of its allosteric agonist sites measured in a cysteine-substituted GABAA receptor.Deirdre S Stewart et al.Molecular pharmacology, 83(6), 1200-1208 (2013-03-26) Etomidate in the management of hypercortisolaemia in Cushing's syndrome: a review.Veronica A Preda et al.European journal of endocrinology, 167(2), 137-143 (2012-05-12) [Etomidate can not be recommended to patients with septic shock].Palle Toft et al.Ugeskrift for laeger, 173(20), 1421-1423 (2011-05-19) Mycobacterium abscessus phospholipase C expression is induced during coculture within amoebae and enhances M. abscessus virulence in mice.Jean Claude Bakala N'Goma et al.Infection and immunity, 83(2), 780-791 (2014-12-10) ED use of etomidate for rapid sequence induction.Nestor B Nestor et al.The American journal of emergency medicine, 26(8), 946-950 (2008-10-18)

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