Boiling point	75 ºC (0.4 mmHg)
Flash point	204 ºF
Density	1.015
Refractive index	1.496

SDS/MSDS	S24/25

Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Apollo	View & Download

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In vitro and in vivo metabolic profiles of fasiglifam using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry.Jin-Qi Li et al.Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM, 32(16), 1387-1395 (2018-05-24) The in vivo developmental toxicity of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in rat evaluated by an alternative testing strategy.Aziza Hussein Bakheit Adam et al.Archives of toxicology, 93(7), 2021-2033 (2019-05-24) Investigation of the metabolites of the HIF stabilizer FG-4592 (roxadustat) in five different in vitro models and in a human doping control sample using high resolution mass spectrometry.Annelie Hansson et al.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 134, 228-236 (2016-12-06) Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Predictions of Panobinostat (LBH589) as a Victim and Perpetrator of Drug-Drug Interactions.Heidi J Einolf et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 45(12), 1304-1316 (2017-09-16) Biotransformation of glucoaurantio-obtusin towards aurantio-obtusin increases the toxicity of irinotecan through increased inhibition towards SN-38 glucuronidation.Jian Yu et al.Phytotherapy research : PTR, 28(10), 1577-1580 (2014-05-21) Xenobiotic Metabolism in Mice Lacking the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2 Family.Matthew J Fay et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 43(12), 1838-1846 (2015-09-12) In vitro metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene-11,12 diol in rodent and human hepatic microsomes.Jordan N Smith et al.Toxicology letters, 269, 23-32 (2017-01-26) In vitro glucuronidation of five rhubarb anthraquinones by intestinal and liver microsomes from humans and rats.Wenjin Wu et al.Chemico-biological interactions, 219, 18-27 (2014-05-24) Pazopanib interacts with irinotecan by inhibiting UGT1A1-mediated glucuronidation, but not OATP1B1-mediated hepatic uptake, of an active metabolite SN-38.Mariko Iwase et al.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 83(5), 993-998 (2019-02-28) A simple and sensitive UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method for sophoricoside metabolism study in vitro and in vivo.Xia Zhang et al.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 1061-1062, 193-208 (2017-07-28) Glucuronidation of D-Luciferin In Vitro: Isoform Selectivity and Kinetics Characterization.Yangliu Xia et al.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 44(4), 549-556 (2019-03-02) Mass spectral analysis of the multikinase inhibitor BZG and its metabolites and analysis of their binding to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2.Yan Lou et al.Oncotarget, 8(18), 29951-29962 (2017-04-19) Hepatic Abundance and Activity of Androgen- and Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme UGT2B17 Are Associated with Genotype, Age, and Sex.Deepak Kumar Bhatt et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 46(6), 888-896 (2018-04-01) Strong Specific Inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 by Atractylenolide I and III.Qian Zhang et al.Phytotherapy research : PTR, 30(1), 25-30 (2015-11-06) Suspect and untargeted screening of bisphenol S metabolites produced by in vitro human liver metabolism.Celine Gys et al.Toxicology letters, 295, 115-123 (2018-06-18) Metabolic Disposition of Luteolin Is Mediated by the Interplay of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases and Catechol-O-Methyltransferases in Rats.Liping Wang et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 45(3), 306-315 (2016-12-30) Interaction between oblongifolin C and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms in human liver and intestine microsomes.Cui Gao et al.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 45(7), 578-585 (2015-02-26) Developmental exposure to low-dose PBDE-99: tissue distribution and thyroid hormone levelsKuriyama SN, et al. Toxicology, 242(1-3), 80-90 (2007) Cysteine amide adduct formation from carboxylic acid drugs via UGT-mediated bioactivation in human liver microsomes.H Harada et al.Die Pharmazie, 70(10), 678-683 (2015-11-26) Induction of the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 during the Perinatal Period Can Cause Neurodevelopmental Toxicity.Rika Hirashima et al.Molecular pharmacology, 90(3), 265-274 (2016-07-15) Development of a novel oral delivery system of edaravone for enhancing bioavailability.Ankit Parikh et al.International journal of pharmaceutics, 515(1-2), 490-500 (2016-11-05) The regioselective glucuronidation of morphine by dimerized human UGT2B7, 1A1, 1A9 and their allelic variants.Zi-Zhao Yang et al.Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 38(8), 1184-1194 (2017-05-30) Metabolism profiling of nevadensin in vitro and in vivo by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.Caijuan Liang et al.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 1084, 69-79 (2018-03-25) Dimerization of human uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase allozymes 1A1 and 1A9 alters their quercetin glucuronidation activities.Yan-Qing Liu et al.Scientific reports, 6, 23763-23763 (2016-03-31) Inhibitory effects of fifteen phthalate esters in human cDNA-expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase supersomes.Yun-Feng Cao et al.Chemosphere, 185, 983-990 (2017-07-30) Co-delivery of natural metabolic inhibitors in a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for improved oral bioavailability of curcumin.Alex E Grill et al.Drug delivery and translational research, 4(4), 344-352 (2014-11-26) Disturbance of Mammary UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Represses Estrogen Metabolism and Exacerbates Experimental Breast Cancer.Xueyan Zhou et al.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 106(8), 2152-2162 (2017-05-10) Mechanistic Assessment of Extrahepatic Contributions to Glucuronidation of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors.Stephanie N Liu et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 47(5), 535-544 (2019-02-26) Generation of phase II in vitro metabolites using homogenized horse liver.Jenny K Y Wong et al.Drug testing and analysis, 8(2), 241-247 (2015-09-10) In vitro glucuronidation kinetics of deoxynivalenol by human and animal microsomes and recombinant human UGT enzymes.Ronald Maul et al.Archives of toxicology, 89(6), 949-960 (2014-06-15) Chiral Inhibition of Rivaroxaban Derivatives Towards UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) Isoforms.Zhuhua Yao et al.Chirality, 27(12), 936-943 (2015-10-02) Disposition of [14C]hydroquinone in Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice: species and route comparison.Sherry R Black et al.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 48(11), 1128-1141 (2017-11-24) Characterization of oxycodone in vitro metabolism by human cytochromes P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.Stéphanie Romand et al.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 144, 129-137 (2016-10-04) Development of a novel oral delivery system of edaravone for enhancing bioavailability.Ankit Parikh et al.International journal of pharmaceutics, 515(1-2), 490-500 (2016-11-05) Simultaneous determination of intracellular UDP-sugars in hyaluronic acid-producing Streptococcus zooepidemicus.Lukáš Franke et al.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 997, 194-199 (2015-06-27) Toxicity, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a novel inhibitor of IL-6-induced STAT3 activation.Brian F Kiesel et al.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 78(6), 1225-1235 (2016-10-26) A Rare UGT2B7 Variant Creates a Novel N-Glycosylation Site at Codon 121 with Impaired Enzyme Activity.Camille Girard-Bock et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 44(12), 1867-1871 (2016-10-27) A Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach To Predict Drug-Drug Interactions of Sonidegib (LDE225) with Perpetrators of CYP3A in Cancer Patients.Heidi J Einolf et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 45(4), 361-374 (2017-01-27) The Isolated hepatocyte: Use in Toxicology and Xenobiotic Biotransformations, 26-26 (2012) Flaxseed Lignans Enhance the Cytotoxicity of Chemotherapeutic Agents against Breast Cancer Cell Lines MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3.Yunyun Di et al.Nutrition and cancer, 70(2), 306-315 (2018-01-06) In vitro characterization of potential CYP- and UGT-derived metabolites of the psychoactive drug 25B-NBOMe using LC-high resolution MS.Yacine Boumrah et al.Drug testing and analysis, 8(2), 248-256 (2015-09-19) Identification of UGTs and BCRP as potential pharmacokinetic determinants of the natural flavonoid alpinetin.Chunli Qi et al.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 49(3), 276-283 (2018-02-14) Regioselective glucuronidation of andrographolide and its major derivatives: metabolite identification, isozyme contribution, and species differences.Xiangge Tian et al.The AAPS journal, 17(1), 156-166 (2014-09-11) Atypical Pharmacodynamic Properties and Metabolic Profile of the Abused Synthetic Cannabinoid AB-PINACA: Potential Contribution to Pronounced Adverse Effects Relative to Δ9-THC.Rachel D Hutchison et al.Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 1084-1084 (2018-10-16) Drug-Metabolizing Activity, Protein and Gene Expression of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases Are Significantly Altered in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients.Linlin Lu et al.PloS one, 10(5), e0127524-e0127524 (2015-05-27) Changes in coumarin kinetics and subcellular localization of CYP2E1 contribute to bile duct damage and reduce hepatocellular damage after repeated administration of coumarin in rats.Yasuhiro Tanaka et al.Toxicology letters, 280, 99-105 (2017-08-15) Bio-generation of stable isotope-labeled internal standards for absolute and relative quantitation of phase II drug metabolites in plasma samples using LC-MS/MS.Pei Li et al.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 407(14), 4053-4063 (2015-03-26) In vitro-in silico-based analysis of the dose-dependent in vivo oestrogenicity of the soy phytoestrogen genistein in humans.Rungnapa Boonpawa et al.British journal of pharmacology, 174(16), 2739-2757 (2017-06-07) Contributions of Hepatic and Intestinal Metabolism to the Disposition of Niclosamide, a Repurposed Drug with Poor Bioavailability.Xiaoyu Fan et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 47(7), 756-763 (2019-05-02) Carboxylesterase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases mediated metabolism of irinotecan: In vitro and in vivo insights from quantitative ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.Yifeng Qin et al.Biomedical chromatography : BMC, 32(10), e4320-e4320 (2018-06-20) In vitro metabolism of selected bioactive compounds of Eurycoma longifolia root extract to identify suitable markers in doping control.Pia Bräuer et al.Drug testing and analysis, 11(1), 86-94 (2018-07-06) Metabolism profiling of nevadensin in vitro and in vivo by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.Caijuan Liang et al.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 1084, 69-79 (2018-03-25) Dimerization of human uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase allozymes 1A1 and 1A9 alters their quercetin glucuronidation activities.Yan-Qing Liu et al.Scientific reports, 6, 23763-23763 (2016-03-31) Effect of experimental diabetes and insulin replacement on intestinal metabolism and excretion of 4-nitrophenol in rats.Emil Fischer et al.Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 93(6), 459-464 (2015-05-06) In vitro glucuronidation of aprepitant: a moderate inhibitor of UGT2B7.Larry House et al.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 45(11), 990-998 (2015-06-09) Suspect and untargeted screening of bisphenol S metabolites produced by in vitro human liver metabolism.Celine Gys et al.Toxicology letters, 295, 115-123 (2018-06-18) Inhibitory effects of fifteen phthalate esters in human cDNA-expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase supersomes.Yun-Feng Cao et al.Chemosphere, 185, 983-990 (2017-07-30) Developmental exposure to low-dose PBDE-99: tissue distribution and thyroid hormone levelsKuriyama SN, et al. Toxicology, 242(1-3), 80-90 (2007) Cysteine amide adduct formation from carboxylic acid drugs via UGT-mediated bioactivation in human liver microsomes.H Harada et al.Die Pharmazie, 70(10), 678-683 (2015-11-26) The regioselective glucuronidation of morphine by dimerized human UGT2B7, 1A1, 1A9 and their allelic variants.Zi-Zhao Yang et al.Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 38(8), 1184-1194 (2017-05-30) Isochlorogenic acid A affects P450 and UGT enzymes in vitro and in vivo.Jing Wang et al.Chinese journal of natural medicines, 14(11), 865-870 (2016-12-05) High-throughput metabolism-induced toxicity assays demonstrated on a 384-pillar plate.Kyeong-Nam Yu et al.Archives of toxicology, 92(8), 2501-2516 (2018-07-06) Glucuronidation of fimasartan, a new angiotensin receptor antagonist, is mainly mediated by UGT1A3.Eun-Sook Jeong et al.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 45(1), 10-18 (2014-07-19) Enantioselective inhibition of carprofen towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7.Zhong-Ze Fang et al.Chirality, 27(3), 189-193 (2014-12-17) In vitro metabolism of [Gopinath C Nallani et al.Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 84, 26-34 (2016-12-21) Interaction between oblongifolin C and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms in human liver and intestine microsomes.Cui Gao et al.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 45(7), 578-585 (2015-02-26) Enzymatic Synthesis of Bioactive O-Glucuronides Using Plant Glucuronosyltransferases.Tian Yue et al.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 67(22), 6275-6284 (2019-05-16) Regulation of UGT2A1 by miR-196a-5p and miR-196b-5p.Aimee K Sutliff et al.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 369(2), 234-243 (2019-03-10) Determination of species-difference in microsomal metabolism of amitriptyline using a predictive MRM-IDA-EPI method.Ji-Yoon Lee et al.Chemico-biological interactions, 229, 109-118 (2015-01-28) Metabolic Disposition of Luteolin Is Mediated by the Interplay of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases and Catechol-O-Methyltransferases in Rats.Liping Wang et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 45(3), 306-315 (2016-12-30) Regulation of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3 activity by protein phosphorylation.Yongsheng Xiao et al.Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition, 36(8), 520-528 (2015-06-23) Hydroxy metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) exhibit inhibitory effects on UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs).Sai-Nan Li et al.Chemosphere, 212, 513-522 (2018-08-31) Biotransformation of glucoaurantio-obtusin towards aurantio-obtusin increases the toxicity of irinotecan through increased inhibition towards SN-38 glucuronidation.Jian Yu et al.Phytotherapy research : PTR, 28(10), 1577-1580 (2014-05-21) Quantitation of celecoxib and four of its metabolites in rat blood by UPLC-MS/MS clarifies their blood distribution patterns and provides more accurate pharmacokinetics profiles.Yong Ma et al.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 1001, 202-211 (2015-08-19) The different metabolism of morusin in various species and its potent inhibition against UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and cytochrome p450 (CYP450) enzymes.Xianbao Shi et al.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 46(5), 467-476 (2015-09-16) Glucuronidation of drugs and drug-induced toxicity in humanized UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 mice.Yuki Kutsuno et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 42(7), 1146-1152 (2014-04-26) Metabolic Profile of Zearalenone in Liver Microsomes from Different Species and Its in Vivo Metabolism in Rats and Chickens Using Ultra High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.Shupeng Yang et al.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 65(51), 11292-11303 (2017-12-06) Walker's Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease, 768-768 (2008) Differences in the glucuronidation of bisphenols F and S between two homologous human UGT enzymes, 1A9 and 1A10.Darja Gramec Skledar et al.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 45(6), 511-519 (2014-12-31) Unraveling the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of diacetoxyscirpenol in various animal species and human using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight hybrid mass spectrometry.Shupeng Yang et al.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 407(28), 8571-8583 (2015-09-13) Human urine and plasma concentrations of bisphenol A extrapolated from pharmacokinetics established in in vivo experiments with chimeric mice with humanized liver and semi-physiological pharmacokinetic modeling.Takamori Miyaguchi et al.Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 72(1), 71-76 (2015-03-26) Structure-inhibition relationship of podophyllotoxin (PT) analogues towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms.Jia-Qi Qi et al.Die Pharmazie, 70(4), 239-243 (2015-05-28) Comprehensive Pharmacogenomic Study Reveals an Important Role of UGT1A3 in Montelukast Pharmacokinetics.Päivi Hirvensalo et al.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 104(1), 158-168 (2017-09-25) In vitro and in vivo biotransformation of WMS-1410, a potent GluN2B selective NMDA receptor antagonist.Evamaria Falck et al.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 94, 36-44 (2014-02-19) Study of in-vitro metabolism of selected antibiotic drugs in human liver microsomes by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.Malgorzata Szultka-Mlynska et al.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 408(29), 8273-8287 (2016-10-25) Glucuronidation of deoxynivalenol (DON) by different animal species: identification of iso-DON glucuronides and iso-deepoxy-DON glucuronides as novel DON metabolites in pigs, rats, mice, and cows.Heidi E Schwartz-Zimmermann et al.Archives of toxicology, 91(12), 3857-3872 (2017-06-24) Metabolic study of androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione in horses using liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry.Wai Him Kwok et al.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 152, 142-154 (2015-06-03) Tyr1-ψ[( Z)CF═CH]-Gly2 Fluorinated Peptidomimetic Improves Distribution and Metabolism Properties of Leu-Enkephalin.Ryan A Altman et al.ACS chemical neuroscience, 9(7), 1735-1742 (2018-04-13) Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7.Zhufeng Wu et al.The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 67(4), 583-596 (2014-12-17) Targeted screen for human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases inhibitors and the evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions with zafirlukast.Shingo Oda et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 43(6), 812-818 (2015-04-03) Direct comparison of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and cytochrome P450 activities in human liver microsomes, plated and suspended primary human hepatocytes from five liver donors.Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj et al.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 109, 96-110 (2017-08-06) Characterization of fimasartan metabolites in human liver microsomes and human plasma.Ji-Yoon Lee et al.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 46(1), 40-51 (2015-06-13) Metabolic drug-drug interaction potential of macrolactin A and 7-O-succinyl macrolactin A assessed by evaluating cytochrome P450 inhibition and induction and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibition in vitro.Soo Hyeon Bae et al.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 58(9), 5036-5046 (2014-06-04) Chemical inhibition and stable knock-down of efflux transporters leads to reduced glucuronidation of wushanicaritin in UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells: the role of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) in the excretion of glucuronides.Zifei Qin et al.Food & function, 9(3), 1410-1423 (2018-01-11) Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and tentative metabolite identification of sauchinone in mice by microsampling and HPLC-MS/MS methods.You-Jin Kim et al.Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 38(2), 218-227 (2015-03-10) Gender Differences in the Hepatotoxicity and Toxicokinetics of Emodin: The Potential Mechanisms Mediated by UGT2B7 and MRP2.Lili Wu et al.Molecular pharmaceutics, 15(9), 3931-3945 (2018-07-17) Allometric scaling of hepatic biotransformation in rainbow trout.Patrick N Fitzsimmons et al.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. 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