Melting point	114-119 ºC

Symbol(GHS)	Xn
Hazard Codes	R22;R37/38;R41
SDS/MSDS	S26;S36/39

Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
Alfa-Aesar	View & Download
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Peer-Reviewed Papers

Intracrine prostaglandin EAntonio Madrigal-Martínez et al.Journal of cellular physiology, 233(4), 3590-3602 (2017-11-21) Regulation of Expression of Renal Organic Anion Transporters OAT1 and OAT3 in a Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.Christina Preising et al.Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 37(1), 1-13 (2015-08-19) Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts promote TREM-1 expression in monocytes via COX-2/PGE2 pathway.Anping Peng et al.Arthritis research & therapy, 21(1), 169-169 (2019-07-10) Prostaglandin E2 induces spontaneous rhythmic activity in mouse urinary bladder independently of efferent nerves.S Kobayter et al.British journal of pharmacology, 165(2), 401-413 (2011-06-16) Platelets trigger perivascular mast cell degranulation to cause inflammatory responses and tissue injury.Jörn Karhausen et al.Science advances, 6(12), eaay6314-eaay6314 (2020-03-25) Involvement of different receptor subtypes in prostaglandin E2-induced contraction and relaxation in the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal body.Xiaopeng Bai et al.European journal of pharmacology, 857, 172405-172405 (2019-05-28) Acute effects of prostaglandin E1 and E2 on vascular reactivity and blood flow in situ in the chick chorioallantoic membrane.D R Harland et al.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, 87(2-3), 79-89 (2012-08-04) EP4 receptor as a new target for bronchodilator therapy.James Buckley et al.Thorax, 66(12), 1029-1035 (2011-05-25) Regulation of Expression of Renal Organic Anion Transporters OAT1 and OAT3 in a Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.Christina Preising et al.Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 37(1), 1-13 (2015-08-19) Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts promote TREM-1 expression in monocytes via COX-2/PGE2 pathway.Anping Peng et al.Arthritis research & therapy, 21(1), 169-169 (2019-07-10) Murine corneal stroma cells suppress bone marrow-derived dendritic cells maturation in vitro.Jian-Min Lu et al.Chinese medical journal, 125(11), 2041-2047 (2012-08-14) Murine corneal stroma cells suppress bone marrow-derived dendritic cells maturation in vitro.Jian-Min Lu et al.Chinese medical journal, 125(11), 2041-2047 (2012-08-14) Prostaglandin E2 promotes features of replicative senescence in chronically activated human CD8+ T cells.Jennifer P Chou et al.PloS one, 9(6), e99432-e99432 (2014-06-12) Tumor-secreted PGE2 inhibits CCL5 production in activated macrophages through cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.Xuesong Qian et al.The Journal of biological chemistry, 286(3), 2111-2120 (2010-11-26) Prostaglandin DP receptors positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase in embryonic bovine tracheal (EBTr) cells: pharmacological characterization using agonists and antagonists.J Y Crider et al.British journal of pharmacology, 127(1), 204-210 (1999-06-16) TREM-1 is induced in tumor associated macrophages by cyclo-oxygenase pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer.Zhihong Yuan et al.PloS one, 9(5), e94241-e94241 (2014-05-21) Prostaglandin E2 mediates cough via the EP3 receptor: implications for future disease therapy.Sarah A Maher et al.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 180(10), 923-928 (2009-09-05) Increased cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostanoids contributes to the hyperreactivity to noradrenaline in mesenteric resistance arteries from offspring of diabetic rats.Fernanda E Ramos-Alves et al.PloS one, 7(11), e50593-e50593 (2012-12-05) Age-related changes in isoprostane-mediated relaxation of piglet blood vessels.Gema Gonzalez-Luis et al.Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition), 2, 369-379 (2009-12-29) Involvement of COX-2/PGE2 signalling in hypoxia-induced angiogenic response in endothelial cells.Lixing Zhao et al.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 16(8), 1840-1855 (2011-11-05) Inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E2 on collagen synthesis and cell proliferation in human stellate cells from pancreatic head adenocarcinoma.Ewa Pomianowska et al.BMC cancer, 14, 413-413 (2014-06-11) Inflammation leads through PGE/EP3 signaling to HDAC5/MEF2-dependent transcription in cardiac myocytes.András D Tóth et al.EMBO molecular medicine, 10(7) (2018-06-17) Effects of the Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Vinclozolin and Polychlorinated Biphenyls, on Physiological and Sociosexual Phenotypes in F2 Generation Sprague-Dawley Rats.Krittika Krishnan et al.Environmental health perspectives, 126(9), 97005-97005 (2018-09-14) The effects of prenatal PCBs on adult female paced mating reproductive behaviors in rats.Rebecca M Steinberg et al.Hormones and behavior, 51(3), 364-372 (2007-02-06) Modulatory effects of Aroclors 1221 and 1254 on bone turnover and vertebral histology in intact and ovariectomized rats.Bayram Yilmaz et al.Toxicology letters, 166(3), 276-284 (2006-09-19) Effects of neonatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on female sexual behavior.Y W Chung et al.Physiology & behavior, 74(3), 363-370 (2001-11-21) Effects of perinatal polychlorinated biphenyls on adult female rat reproduction: development, reproductive physiology, and second generational effects.Rebecca M Steinberg et al.Biology of reproduction, 78(6), 1091-1101 (2008-02-29) Disruption of reproductive aging in female and male rats by gestational exposure to estrogenic endocrine disruptors.Deena M Walker et al.Endocrinology, 154(6), 2129-2143 (2013-04-18) Comparative evaluation of hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of aroclors 1221 and 1254 in female rats.Selim Kutlu et al.Cell biochemistry and function, 25(2), 167-172 (2005-09-24) Endocrine disruptive effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on the thyroid gland in female rats.Nermin Kiliç et al.The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 206(4), 327-332 (2005-07-06) The effects of prenatal PCBs on adult social behavior in rats.Michael P Reilly et al.Hormones and behavior, 73, 47-55 (2015-06-21) PIP2 depletion promotes TRPV4 channel activity in mouse brain capillary endothelial cells.Osama F Harraz et al.eLife, 7 (2018-08-08) Jack bean urease alters serotonin-induced effects on Rhodnius prolixus anterior midgut.F Stanisçuaski et al.Journal of insect physiology, 56(9), 1078-1086 (2010-03-13) The cyclooxygenase-2 pathway via the PGE₂ EP2 receptor contributes to oligodendrocytes apoptosis in cuprizone-induced demyelination.Sara Palumbo et al.Journal of neurochemistry, 121(3), 418-427 (2011-06-28) AH6809 antagonizes non-small cell lung cancer prostaglandin receptors.Marchessini Casibang et al.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 36(1), 33-42 (2002-03-14) Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 prevents HIV-1 gp120-induced synapse loss by altering endocannabinoid signaling.Xinwen Zhang et al.Neuropharmacology, 128, 269-281 (2017-10-25) Functional and molecular characterization of prostaglandin E2 dilatory receptors in the rat craniovascular system in relevance to migraine.Maja Myren et al.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 30(9), 1110-1122 (2010-08-18) PAR1-dependent COX-2/PGE2 production contributes to cell proliferation via EP2 receptors in primary human cardiomyocytes.Peter Tzu-Yu Chien et al.British journal of pharmacology, 171(19), 4504-4519 (2014-06-07) TRPA1-expressing lamina propria mesenchymal cells regulate colonic motility.Yanjing Yang et al.JCI insight, 4(9) (2019-05-03) Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Pulmonary Infection Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa via Inhibiting Overproduction of Prostaglandin E2.Yan-Xiong Mao et al.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio), 33(7), 2331-2342 (2015-03-20) Establishment of a refined culture method for rat colon organoids.Hiroyuki Isshiki et al.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 489(3), 305-311 (2017-06-01) Intracrine prostaglandin EAntonio Madrigal-Martínez et al.Journal of cellular physiology, 233(4), 3590-3602 (2017-11-21) Coordinated induction of cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 and hepatocyte growth factor by apoptotic cells prevents lung fibrosis.Young-So Yoon et al.Journal of leukocyte biology, 94(5), 1037-1049 (2013-08-08) Prostaglandin E2 regulates tumor angiogenesis in prostate cancer.Shalini Jain et al.Cancer research, 68(19), 7750-7759 (2008-10-03) Role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit and cAMP-response element binding protein 1 in synergistic release of interleukin 8 by prostaglandin E2 and nickel in lung fibroblasts.Kelly A Brant et al.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 49(1), 105-113 (2013-03-26) Prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha Modulate Urinary Bladder Urothelium, Lamina Propria and Detrusor Contractility via the FP Receptor.Zane Stromberga et al.Frontiers in physiology, 11, 705-705 (2020-07-28) Prostaglandin potentiates 5-HT responses in stomach and ileum innervating visceral afferent sensory neurons.Sojin Kim et al.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 456(1), 167-172 (2014-12-03) Judith Plaza et al.Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 12(4), 712-728 (2020-05-14)Agonism of the prostaglandin E2 receptor, E-prostanoid receptor 2 (EP2), may represent an alternative protective mechanism in mast cell (MC)-mediated diseases. Previous studies have suggested that activation of the MC EP2 receptor prevents pathological changes in the murine models of... Prostaglandin E2 blocks menadione-induced apoptosis through the Ras/Raf/Erk signaling pathway in promonocytic leukemia cell lines.Hyun-Seok Yeo et al.Molecules and cells, 33(4), 371-378 (2012-03-28) Prostaglandin E2 regulates amyloid precursor protein expression via the EP2 receptor in cultured rat microglia.Amy M Pooler et al.Neuroscience letters, 362(2), 127-130 (2004-06-15) Inhibition of Molecular Signaling in Huh-7 Cells by AM3: A Novel Chemotherapeutic Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Chun-Lung Yuan et al.Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)), 13(1), 49-56 (2016-06-28) Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β production.Kuo-Feng Hua et al.Journal of cellular physiology, 230(4), 863-874 (2014-10-09) Apoptosis and cell proliferation in proximal tubular cells exposed to apoptotic bodies. Novel pathophysiological implications in cisplatin-induced renal injury.Coral García-Pastor et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease, 1865(9), 2504-2515 (2019-06-14) Effect of prostaglandin E2 on multidrug resistance transporters in human placental cells.Clifford W Mason et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 42(12), 2077-2086 (2014-09-28) Selective blockade of prostaglandin E2 receptors EP2 and EP4 signaling inhibits proliferation of human endometriotic epithelial cells and stromal cells through distinct cell cycle arrest.JeHoon Lee et al.Fertility and sterility, 93(8), 2498-2506 (2010-03-09) Prostaglandin E2 elicits greater bronchodilation than salbutamol in mouse intrapulmonary airways in lung slices.M FitzPatrick et al.Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics, 28(1), 68-76 (2013-12-03) Apigenin Reverses Interleukin-1β-Induced Suppression of Adipocyte Browning via COX2/PGE2 Signaling Pathway in Human Adipocytes.Meshail Okla et al.Molecular nutrition & food research, 64(1), e1900925-e1900925 (2019-12-01) Human papillomavirus type 16 E5 protein inhibits hydrogen-peroxide-induced apoptosis by stimulating ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of Bax in human cervical cancer cells.Jung-Min Oh et al.Carcinogenesis, 31(3), 402-410 (2009-12-18) CCR5 expression is elevated in cervical cancer cells and is up-regulated by seminal plasma.Kurt J Sales et al.Molecular human reproduction, 20(11), 1144-1157 (2014-08-12) PGE2 -induced migration of human brain endothelial cell is mediated though protein kinase A in cooperation of EP receptors.Gausal A Khan et al.Journal of leukocyte biology, 105(4), 705-717 (2019-03-06) Mechanisms for proteinase-activated receptor 1-triggered prostaglandin E2 generation in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.Yuma Maeda et al.Biological chemistry, 396(2), 153-162 (2014-09-11) Endocrine disruption of brain sexual differentiation by developmental PCB exposure.Sarah M Dickerson et al.Endocrinology, 152(2), 581-594 (2010-12-31) Prenatal PCBs disrupt early neuroendocrine development of the rat hypothalamus.Sarah M Dickerson et al.Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 252(1), 36-46 (2011-02-01) Arsenic promotes the COX2/PGE2-SOX2 axis to increase the malignant stemness properties of urothelial cells.Akira Ooki et al.International journal of cancer, 143(1), 113-126 (2018-02-06) Hemodynamic forces enhance decidualization via endothelial-derived prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin in a microfluidic model of the human endometrium.Juan S Gnecco et al.Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 34(4), 702-714 (2019-02-23) Primary human airway epithelial cell-dependent inhibition of human lung mast cell degranulation.Neil Martin et al.PloS one, 7(8), e43545-e43545 (2012-09-13) PGE(2)-induced CXCL12 production and CXCR4 expression controls the accumulation of human MDSCs in ovarian cancer environment.Natasa Obermajer et al.Cancer research, 71(24), 7463-7470 (2011-10-26) Lipopolysaccharide induces inflammation and facilitates lung metastasis in a breast cancer model via the prostaglandin E2-EP2 pathway.Shancheng Li et al.Molecular medicine reports, 11(6), 4454-4462 (2015-01-28) Functional and molecular characterization of prostaglandin E2 dilatory receptors in the rat craniovascular system in relevance to migraine.Maja Myren et al.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 30(9), 1110-1122 (2010-08-18) Inducible cyclooxygenase released prostaglandin E2 modulates the severity of infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.Oliver Goldmann et al.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 185(4), 2372-2381 (2010-07-21) The roles of prostaglandin F2 in regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 via an insulin growth factor-2-dependent mechanism in sheared chondrocytes.Pei-Pei Guan et al.Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 3, 27-27 (2018-12-05) Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 mediates the effect of cyclooxygenase 2 on secondary parathyroid hyperplasia in end-stage renal disease.Qian Zhang et al.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 34(4), 606-617 (2018-07-10) Sost down-regulation by mechanical strain in human osteoblastic cells involves PGE2 signaling via EP4.Gabriel L Galea et al.FEBS letters, 585(15), 2450-2454 (2011-07-05) Social and neuromolecular phenotypes are programmed by prenatal exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.Viktoria Y Topper et al.Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 479, 133-146 (2018-10-06) Prostaglandin E2 negatively regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and IL-17 in visceral leishmaniasis.Amrita Saha et al.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 193(5), 2330-2339 (2014-07-23) Skin Metabolites Define a New Paradigm in the Localization of Skin Tropic Memory T Cells.Michelle L McCully et al.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 195(1), 96-104 (2015-05-24) Influence of influenza A infection on capsaicin-induced responses in murine airways.Samuel J Taylor et al.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 340(2), 377-385 (2011-11-09) Dormancy and growth of metastatic breast cancer cells in a bone-like microenvironment.Donna M Sosnoski et al.Clinical & experimental metastasis, 32(4), 335-344 (2015-03-10) Cyclooxygenase-2 up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor via a protein kinase C pathway in non-small cell lung cancer.Honghe Luo et al.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 30, 6-6 (2011-01-12) Prostaglandin E2 restrains macrophage maturation via E prostanoid receptor 2/protein kinase A signaling.Zbigniew Zaslona et al.Blood, 119(10), 2358-2367 (2012-01-12) Prostaglandin E2 stimulates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in cultured mouse cortical collecting duct cells in an autocrine manner.Morag K Mansley et al.The Journal of general physiology, 152(8) (2020-05-23) Prostaglandin E2 reduces Toll-like receptor 4 expression in alveolar macrophages by inhibition of translation.Angela Juliette Degraaf et al.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 51(2), 242-250 (2014-03-08) Expression of cyclooxygenase-1/-2, microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase-1 and E-prostanoid receptor 2 and regulation of inflammatory mediators by PGE(2) in the amoeboid microglia in hypoxic postnatal rats and murine BV-2 cells.P Li et al.Neuroscience, 164(3), 948-962 (2009-08-29)

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