Melting point	175 ºC
Water Solubility	>=10 g/100 mL at 20 ºC

Symbol(GHS)	T
Hazard Codes	R25;R40;R43
SDS/MSDS	S22;S36/37/39;S45

Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Peer-Reviewed Papers

TDAG51 is induced by homocysteine, promotes detachment-mediated programmed cell death, and contributes to the cevelopment of atherosclerosis in hyperhomocysteinemia.Gazi S Hossain et al.The Journal of biological chemistry, 278(32), 30317-30327 (2003-05-10) Cerebrospinal fluid levels of thiamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease.J A Molina et al.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 109(7-8), 1035-1044 (2002-07-12) The long-term effects of pitavastatin on blood lipids and platelet activation markers in stroke patients: impact of the homocysteine level.Hideki Sugimoto et al.PloS one, 9(11), e113766-e113766 (2014-11-20) Plasma Homocysteine is a Predictive Factor for Arterial Stiffness: A Community-Based 4.8-Year Prospective Study.Xiao-Na Wang et al.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 17(8), 594-600 (2015-04-22) Accumulation of toxic products degradation of kynurenine in hemodialyzed patients.D Pawlak et al.International urology and nephrology, 33(2), 399-404 (2002-07-03) Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent predictor of sub-clinical carotid vascular damage in subjects with grade-1 hypertension.Alberto Mazza et al.Endocrine, 46(2), 340-346 (2013-11-08) Diagnostic use of cerebral and extracerebral oxysterols.Valerio Leoni et al.Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 42(2), 186-191 (2004-04-06) Associations between genetic variation in one-carbon metabolism and LINE-1 DNA methylation in histologically normal breast tissues.Adana A M Llanos et al.Epigenetics, 10(8), 727-735 (2015-06-20) Ratio of 8-hydroxyguanine in intact DNA to free 8-hydroxyguanine is increased in Alzheimer disease ventricular cerebrospinal fluid.M A Lovell et al.Archives of neurology, 58(3), 392-396 (2001-03-20) Evaluation of serum fetuin-A relationships with biochemical parameters in patients on hemodialysis.Osamu Oikawa et al.Clinical and experimental nephrology, 11(4), 304-308 (2007-12-19) The effect of increased concentrations of homocysteine on the concentration of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease.M L Selley et al.Neurobiology of aging, 23(3), 383-388 (2002-04-18) Excess perigestational folic acid exposure induces metabolic dysfunction in post-natal life.Elisa Keating et al.The Journal of endocrinology, 224(3), 245-259 (2015-02-11) Raised plasma homocysteine levels in alcoholism: increasing the risk of heart disease and dementia?Geoffrey Robinson et al.The New Zealand medical journal, 118(1216), U1490-U1490 (2005-06-07) Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid: relation with age and Alzheimer's disease.J-M Serot et al.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 76(11), 1585-1587 (2005-10-18) Hyperhomocysteinemia suppresses bone marrow CD34+/VEGF receptor 2+ cells and inhibits progenitor cell mobilization and homing to injured vasculature-a role of β1-integrin in progenitor cell migration and adhesion.Jun Nelson et al.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 29(7), 3085-3099 (2015-04-10) Application of solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography to qualitative and quantitative analysis of nucleotides and nucleosides in human cerebrospinal fluid.Joanna Czarnecka et al.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 822(1-2), 85-90 (2005-07-05) Homocysteinemia After Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders at Term.Sanne Visser et al.Journal of women's health (2002), 24(6), 524-529 (2015-06-13) Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with myeloproliferative disorders.Hakan Cinemre et al.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 63(4), 636-640 (2015-03-03) The Molecular and Cellular Effect of Homocysteine Metabolism Imbalance on Human HealthHenrieta S International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(10), 1733-1733 (2016) Chaperone therapy for homocystinuria: the rescue of CBS mutations by heme arginate.Petra Melenovská et al.Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 38(2), 287-294 (2014-10-22) Heart failure and cognitive dysfunction.James Ampadu et al.International journal of cardiology, 178, 12-23 (2014-12-03) Clinical Relevance of MTHFR, eNOS, ACE, and ApoE Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Vitamin Profile among Malay Patients with Ischemic Stroke.Loo Keat Wei et al.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 24(9), 2017-2025 (2015-07-19) Alpha-tocopherol in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients: dose-response study and correlations with plasma levels.E J Pappert et al.Neurology, 47(4), 1037-1042 (1996-10-01) Liquid-chromatographic determination of guanidino compounds in plasma and erythrocyte of normal persons and uremic patients.T Kikuchi et al.Clinical chemistry, 27(11), 1899-1902 (1981-11-01) Short-Term, High-Dose Fish Oil Supplementation Increases the Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Mediators in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (the OMEGA-PAD I Trial).S Marlene Grenon et al.Journal of the American Heart Association, 4(8), e002034-e002034 (2015-08-25) N(epsilon)-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine (GGEL) is increased in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Huntington's disease.T M Jeitner et al.Journal of neurochemistry, 79(5), 1109-1112 (2001-12-12) Association of uric acid and carotid artery disease in patients with ischemic stroke.E Kumral et al.Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 130(1), 11-17 (2013-12-10) Is there any association between thrombosis and tissue factor pathway inhibitor levels in patients with vitamin D deficiency?Oya Topaloglu et al.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 21(5), 428-433 (2013-11-10) Dietary methionine restriction in mice elicits an adaptive cardiovascular response to hyperhomocysteinemia.Gene P Ables et al.Scientific reports, 5, 8886-8886 (2015-03-07) "Brain Screen": A self-referral, screening program for strokes, falls and dementia risk factors.Nir Giladi et al.Journal of neurology, 253(3), 307-315 (2005-10-07) Genetic variants of SLC17A1 are associated with cholesterol homeostasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia in Japanese men.Teruhide Koyama et al.Scientific reports, 5, 15888-15888 (2015-11-04) HOMOCYSTINURIA: CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL REVIEW OF TEN CASES.N A CARSON et al.The Journal of pediatrics, 66, 565-583 (1965-03-01) Effects of C-reactive Protein and Homocysteine on Cytokine Production: Modulation by Pravastatin.Asanuma Y, Oeser A, Stanley E, et al. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 1, 14-22 (2008) Uterine artery Doppler and mid-trimester maternal plasma homocysteine in subsequent pre-eclampsia.C K H Yu et al.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 16(2), 134-139 (2004-10-30) High renal resistive index in hypertensive patients is also associated with serum homocysteine level.Şakir Özgür Keşkek et al.Clinical and experimental nephrology, 19(4), 639-645 (2014-11-07) A quantile regression approach can reveal the effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma homocysteine levels.Eliseu Verly et al.PloS one, 9(11), e111619-e111619 (2014-11-05) Impaired autophagy mediates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced HA-VSMC phenotypic switching.Tingjuan Ni et al.Journal of molecular histology, 50(4), 305-314 (2019-04-28) Differential acetylcholine and choline concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.Jian-ping Jia et al.Chinese medical journal, 117(8), 1161-1164 (2004-09-14) Atorvastatin attenuates homocysteine-induced migration of smooth muscle cells through mevalonate pathway involving reactive oxygen species and p38 MAPK.Xiao-mei Bao et al.Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 42(8), 865-873 (2015-06-05) Oxidative stress in patients with multiple sclerosis.C Syburra et al.Ukrains'kyi biokhimichnyi zhurnal (1999 ), 71(3), 112-115 (1999-12-28) Cardiovascular disease biomarkers in patients with inborn errors of protein metabolism: a pilot study.P E Karam et al.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 28(4), 344-349 (2014-07-01) Assessment of a possible link between hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperuricemia.Eytan Cohen et al.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 63(3), 534-538 (2015-02-04) Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol protects primary cultured neurons against homocysteine-induced impairments in rat caudate nucleus through CB1 receptor.Manman Dong et al.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, 55(2), 500-508 (2014-07-11) Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates the hepatic activator protein 1 complex via mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways.Shantel Olivares et al.PloS one, 9(7), e103828-e103828 (2014-08-01) Presence of N-methyl-norsalsolinol in the CSF: correlations with dopamine metabolites of patients with Parkinson's disease.A Moser et al.Journal of the neurological sciences, 131(2), 183-189 (1995-08-01) Clinical, biochemical, and genetic predictors of coronary artery bypass graft failure.Bobby Yanagawa et al.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 148(2), 515-520 (2013-12-18) Electrocardiogram Derived QRS Duration >120 ms is Associated With Elevated Plasma Homocysteine Levels in a Rural Australian Cross-Sectional Population.Yvonne Lee Yin Leng et al.Medicine, 94(27), e1080-e1080 (2015-07-15) Liquid chromatography with amperometric detection at a nano crystalline Ce-doped lead dioxide film modified electrode for determination of (R)-Salsolinol, (R)-N-methylsalsolinol and monoamine neurotransmitters in Parkinsonian patients' cerebrospinal fluid.Wen Zhang et al.The Analyst, 129(3), 229-234 (2004-02-24) Nitrite and malondialdehyde content in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease.R Shukla et al.The International journal of neuroscience, 116(12), 1391-1402 (2006-12-06) DNA hypermethylation in hyperhomocysteinemia contributes to abnormal extracellular matrix metabolism in the kidney.Sathnur Pushpakumar et al.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 29(11), 4713-4725 (2015-08-01) Maternal taurine supplementation attenuates maternal fructose-induced metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation and partially reverses adverse metabolic programming in offspring.M Li et al.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 26(3), 267-276 (2015-01-13) Elevated levels of methylmalonate and homocysteine in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Johannes Levin et al.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 29(6), 553-559 (2010-07-08) Protective effect of sulfurous water in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Alzheimer's disease patients.R Guzmán et al.Life sciences, 132, 61-67 (2015-05-06) Macrophage inflammasome mediates hyperhomocysteinemia-aggravated abdominal aortic aneurysm.Weiliang Sun et al.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology, 81, 96-106 (2015-02-15) Metals and oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease.Giovanni Forte et al.Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita, 41(2), 189-195 (2005-10-26) Severe experimental folate deficiency in a human subject - a longitudinal study of biochemical and haematological responses as megaloblastic anaemia develops.Paul Henry Golding SpringerPlus, 3, 442-442 (2014-10-22) Markers of dopamine depletion and compensatory response in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid.D A Loeffler et al.Journal of neural transmission. Parkinson's disease and dementia section, 9(1), 45-53 (1995-01-01) Altered fibrin clot structure/function in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: association with thrombotic manifestation.M Celińska-Lowenhoff et al.Thrombosis and haemostasis, 112(2), 287-296 (2014-03-22) Relationship between kidney disease and endothelial function in peripheral artery disease.Karen C Chong et al.Journal of vascular surgery, 60(6), 1605-1611 (2014-12-03) Multiple Interactions between Glucose and Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction Pathways in Arabidopsis Are Uncovered by Whole-Genome Transcriptional Profiling.Aditi Gupta et al.Plant physiology, 168(3), 1091-1105 (2015-06-03) Major factors modulating the serum oxalic acid level in hemodialysis patients.Yoshihide Ogawa et al.Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library, 9, 2901-2908 (2004-09-09) Levels of 7-oxocholesterol in cerebrospinal fluid are more than one thousand times lower than reported in multiple sclerosis.Valerio Leoni et al.Journal of lipid research, 46(2), 191-195 (2004-12-04) Efficacy of folic acid therapy in primary prevention of stroke among adults with hypertension in China: the CSPPT randomized clinical trial.Yong Huo et al.JAMA, 313(13), 1325-1335 (2015-03-17) 1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline as a parkinsonism-inducing agent: a novel endogenous amine in mouse brain and parkinsonian CSF.Y Kotake et al.Journal of neurochemistry, 65(6), 2633-2638 (1995-12-01) Maternal high folic acid supplement promotes glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in male mouse offspring fed a high-fat diet.Yifan Huang et al.International journal of molecular sciences, 15(4), 6298-6313 (2014-04-17) Relationships among folate, alcohol consumption, gene variants in one-carbon metabolism and p16INK4a methylation and expression in healthy breast tissues.Adana A Llanos et al.Carcinogenesis, 36(1), 60-67 (2014-10-27) Measurement of free fatty acids in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.J G Pilitsis et al.Brain research, 985(2), 198-201 (2003-09-12) Nucleophilic reactivity of thiolate, hydroxide and phenolate ions towards a model O-arylated diazeniumdiolate prodrug in aqueous and cationic surfactant media.Matthew S Ning et al.Journal of physical organic chemistry, 23(3), 220-226 (2010-03-01) Removal of the protein-bound solutes indican and p-cresol sulfate by peritoneal dialysis.Nhat M Pham et al.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 3(1), 85-90 (2007-11-30) Homocysteine-induced electrical remodeling via the mediation of IP3R1/Nav1.5 signaling pathway.Lu Han et al.American journal of translational research, 12(7), 3822-3841 (2020-08-11) Thiol-mediated multiple mechanisms centered on selenodiglutathione determine selenium cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cancer cells.Takao Tobe et al.Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 20(4), 687-694 (2015-03-19) Determinants of fasting total serum homocysteine levels in liver transplant recipients.Bora Akoglu et al.Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation, 4(1), 462-466 (2006-07-11) Clinical correlates of red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid content in male veterans with peripheral arterial disease.Emily V Nosova et al.Journal of vascular surgery, 60(5), 1325-1331 (2014-06-24) Liquid Chromatography with Amperometric Detection at a Silver Based Detector for the Determination of Thiocompounds: Application to the Assay of Thiopurine Antimetabolites in Urine.Nurgul Karadas-Bakirhan et al.Analytical chemistry, 87(13), 6730-6735 (2015-05-30) [Folate and homocysteine levels during pregnancy affect DNA methylation in human placenta].Bo-hyun Park et al.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi, 38(4), 437-442 (2005-12-20) Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma distribution of myo-inositol and other polyols in Alzheimer disease.H U Shetty et al.Clinical chemistry, 42(2), 298-302 (1996-02-01) Low doses of folic acid can reduce hyperhomocysteinemia-induced glomerular injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Ning Gao et al.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 43(11), 1182-1191 (2020-05-23) Thrombotic Role of Blood and Endothelial Cells in Uremia through Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microparticle Release.Chunyan Gao et al.PloS one, 10(11), e0142835-e0142835 (2015-11-19) Effects of vitamin supplementation and hyperhomocysteinemia on atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient miceJi Zhou Atherosclerosis, 168(2), 255-262 (2003) Levodopa-associated increase of homocysteine levels and sural axonal neurodegeneration.Thomas Müller et al.Archives of neurology, 61(5), 657-660 (2004-05-19) Effect of different LDL-apheresis methods on parameters involved in atherosclerosis.Tiberiu Hershcovici et al.Journal of clinical apheresis, 19(2), 90-97 (2004-07-27) The formation of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylalanine and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethylamine in plasma during L-DOPA therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease.T Ishimitsu et al.Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 32(8), 3320-3322 (1984-08-01) Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid in Alzheimer dementia.M O Kristensen et al.Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 87(6), 475-481 (1993-06-01) Association of reduced folate carrier-1 (RFC-1) polymorphisms with ischemic stroke and silent brain infarction.Yunkyung Cho et al.PloS one, 10(2), e0115295-e0115295 (2015-02-07) Patterns of cerebrospinal fluid catechols support increased central noradrenergic responsiveness in aging and Alzheimer's disease.M A Raskind et al.Biological psychiatry, 46(6), 756-765 (1999-09-24) Lgr4 gene regulates corpus luteum maturation through modulation of the WNT-mediated EGFR-ERK signaling pathway.Hongjie Pan et al.Endocrinology, 155(9), 3624-3637 (2014-06-01) Homocysteine and human reproduction.T K Eskes Clinical and experimental obstetrics 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