Melting point	274-275 ºC (分解)*

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Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Synthetic Route

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Peer-Reviewed Papers

Inhibition of brain energy metabolism by the alpha-keto acids accumulating in maple syrup urine disease.Angela M Sgaravatti et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1639(3), 232-238 (2003-11-26) Nitric oxide (NO)--production and regulation of insulin secretion in islets of freely fed and fasted mice.Dag Eckersten et al.Regulatory peptides, 174(1-3), 32-37 (2011-11-29) Production of α-ketoisocaproate via free-whole-cell biotransformation by Rhodococcus opacus DSM 43250 with L-leucine as the substrate.Yuhong Zhu et al.Enzyme and microbial technology, 49(4), 321-325 (2011-11-25) A chiral ligand exchange CE essay with zinc(II)-L-valine complex for determining enzyme kinetic constant of L-amino acid oxidase.Li Qi et al.Talanta, 81(4-5), 1554-1559 (2010-05-06) Effects of glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid supplementation in college-age trained females during multi-bouts of resistance exercise.Benjamin Wax et al.Journal of dietary supplements, 10(1), 6-16 (2013-01-30) Transamination is required for {alpha}-ketoisocaproate but not leucine to stimulate insulin secretion.Yingsheng Zhou et al.The Journal of biological chemistry, 285(44), 33718-33726 (2010-08-26) Mechanism of insulin's anabolic effect on muscle: measurements of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown using aminoacyl-tRNA and other surrogate measures.Lisa S Chow et al.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 291(4), E729-E736 (2006-05-18) AGI-1067, a novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, enhances insulin release and protects mouse islets.William S Crim et al.Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 323(2), 246-255 (2010-03-10) HMB supplementation: clinical and athletic performance-related effects and mechanisms of action.Nelo Eidy Zanchi et al.Amino acids, 40(4), 1015-1025 (2010-07-08) A new method to study in vivo protein synthesis in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers and initial measurements in humans.J M Dickinson et al.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 108(5), 1410-1416 (2010-03-06) Phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase generates ROS in INS 832/13 cells and rat islets: role of protein prenylation.Ismail Syed et al.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 300(3), R756-R762 (2011-01-14) Metabonomic investigations in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni: an approach for biomarker identification.Yulan Wang et al.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(34), 12676-12681 (2004-08-18) Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid.G F Hoffmann et al.Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 16(4), 648-669 (1993-01-01) The metabolic syndrome of fructose-fed rats: effects of long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids. III. Secretory behaviour of isolated pancreatic islets.Zoheir Mellouk et al.International journal of molecular medicine, 29(2), 285-290 (2011-10-14) Leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid, but not norleucine, stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs.Jeffery Escobar et al.The Journal of nutrition, 140(8), 1418-1424 (2010-06-11) Renal clearance of branched-chain L-amino and 2-oxo acids in maple syrup urine disease.P Schadewaldt et al.Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 22(6), 706-722 (1999-09-03) Crystal structures of complexes of the branched-chain aminotransferase from Deinococcus radiodurans with α-ketoisocaproate and L-glutamate suggest the radiation resistance of this enzyme for catalysis.Chung-De Chen et al.Journal of bacteriology, 194(22), 6206-6216 (2012-09-18) Atomic-resolution structure of an N5 flavin adduct in D-arginine dehydrogenase.Guoxing Fu et al.Biochemistry, 50(29), 6292-6294 (2011-06-29) Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression.Arun Sreekumar et al.Nature, 457(7231), 910-914 (2009-02-13) Alpha-ketoisocaproic acid and leucine provoke mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in rat brain.Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral et al.Brain research, 1324, 75-84 (2010-02-16) Alterations of urinary metabolite profile in model diabetic nephropathy.Donald F Stec et al.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 456(2), 610-614 (2014-12-17) 13C-breath tests for clinical investigation of liver mitochondrial function.Ignazio Grattagliano et al.European journal of clinical investigation, 40(9), 843-850 (2010-07-06) Effects of ergot alkaloids on liver function of piglets as evaluated by the (13)C-methacetin and (13)C-α-ketoisocaproic acid breath test.Sven Dänicke et al.Toxins, 5(1), 139-161 (2013-01-17) Loss of BCAA Catabolism during Carcinogenesis Enhances mTORC1 Activity and Promotes Tumor Development and Progression.Russell E Ericksen et al.Cell metabolism, 29(5), 1151-1165 (2019-01-22) Regulation of leucine catabolism by metabolic fuels in mammary epithelial cells.Jian Lei et al.Amino acids, 43(5), 2179-2189 (2012-05-01) Disruption of TBP-2 ameliorates insulin sensitivity and secretion without affecting obesity.Eiji Yoshihara et al.Nature communications, 1, 127-127 (2010-12-02) Determination of the tolerable upper intake level of leucine in acute dietary studies in young men.Rajavel Elango et al.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 96(4), 759-767 (2012-09-07) The signalling role of action potential depolarization in insulin secretion: metabolism-dependent dissociation between action potential increase and secretion increase by TEA.M Willenborg et al.Biochemical pharmacology, 80(1), 104-112 (2010-03-23) (1)H NMR-based metabonomic investigation of the effect of two different exercise sessions on the metabolic fingerprint of human urine.Alexandros Pechlivanis et al.Journal of proteome research, 9(12), 6405-6416 (2010-10-12) Long-term treatment with atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits ATP production and insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets.Hui You et al.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 300(3), E435-E444 (2010-10-21) Imaging cerebral 2-ketoisocaproate metabolism with hyperpolarized (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.Sadia A Butt et al.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 32(8), 1508-1514 (2012-03-29) Brain amino acid requirements and toxicity: the example of leucine.Marc Yudkoff et al.The Journal of nutrition, 135(6 Suppl), 1531S-1538S (2005-06-03) A to Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance--Part 21.C Goodman et al.British journal of sports medicine, 45(8), 677-679 (2011-06-01) Nitrogen sparing induced by leucine compared with that induced by its keto analogue, alpha-ketoisocaproate, in fasting obese man.W E Mitch et al.The Journal of clinical investigation, 67(2), 553-562 (1981-02-01) Configuration of electrofusion-derived human insulin-secreting cell line as pseudoislets enhances functionality and therapeutic utility.Hong Guo-Parke et al.The Journal of endocrinology, 214(3), 257-265 (2012-06-12) Amino acid metabolism in the human fetus at term: leucine, valine, and methionine kinetics.Chris H P van den Akker et al.Pediatric research, 70(6), 566-571 (2011-08-23) Urinary Excretion of 2-Oxo Acids Is Greater in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes.Katsumi Shibata Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 64(4), 292-295 (2018-09-04) Isotopic determination of organic keto acid pentafluorobenzyl esters in biological fluids by negative chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.D L Hachey et al.Analytical chemistry, 63(9), 919-923 (1991-05-01) GNAS gene is an important regulator of insulin secretory capacity in pancreatic β-cells.Jalal Taneera et al.Gene, 715, 144028-144028 (2019-08-03)

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