Melting point	-88 ºC
Water Solubility	0.106 g/100 mL
Boiling point	-28 ºC
Flash point	-18 ºC

Symbol(GHS)	F+

Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Peer-Reviewed Papers

Autophagy activation and protection from mitochondrial dysfunction in human chondrocytes.Paloma López de Figueroa et al.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 67(4), 966-976 (2015-01-22) An electrogenic nitric oxide reductase.Sinan Al-Attar et al.FEBS letters, 589(16), 2050-2057 (2015-07-08) SET overexpression in HEK293 cells regulates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins levels within a mitochondrial fission/reduced autophagic flux scenario.Luciana O Almeida et al.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 458(2), 300-306 (2015-02-07) [Alteration of transport activity of proton pumps in coleoptile cells during early development stages of maize seedlings].M F Shishova et al.Ontogenez, 43(6), 413-424 (2013-02-14) Valinomycin induced energy-dependent mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, cytosolic NADH/cytochrome c oxidation and apoptosis.Dario Domenico Lofrumento et al.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 16(10), 1004-1013 (2011-07-09) [Comparative investigation by spectrofluorimetry and flow cytometry of plasma and inner mitochondrial membranes polarisation in smooth muscle cell using potential-sensitive probe DiOC6(3)].G V Danylovich et al.Ukrains'kyi biokhimichnyi zhurnal (1999 ), 83(3), 99-105 (2011-09-06) Ivermectin-induced programmed cell death and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in bovine mammary gland epithelial cells.Hahyun Park et al.Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 163, 84-93 (2020-01-25) Colloidal bismuth subcitrate impedes proton entry into Helicobacter pylori and increases the efficacy of growth-dependent antibiotics.E A Marcus et al.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 42(7), 922-933 (2015-08-05) Enhancing biocompatibility of some cation selective electrodes using heparin modified bacterial cellulose.Ibrahim H A Badr et al.Carbohydrate polymers, 134, 687-694 (2015-10-03) TRP Channels Localize to Subdomains of the Apical Plasma Membrane in Human Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium.Peter Y Zhao et al.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 56(3), 1916-1923 (2015-03-05) Influence of the lipid environment on valinomycin structure and cation complex formation.Christopher M Halsey et al.Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, 96, 200-206 (2012-06-12) Tafazzin-dependent cardiolipin composition in C6 glioma cells correlates with changes in mitochondrial and cellular functions, and cellular proliferation.Sarah Gürtler et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids, 1864(4), 452-465 (2019-01-15) Lipid multilayer microarrays for in vitro liposomal drug delivery and screening.Aubrey E Kusi-Appiah et al.Biomaterials, 33(16), 4187-4194 (2012-03-07) Heat shock protein 90 inhibitor mycoepoxydiene modulates kinase signaling in cervical cancer cells and inhibits in-vivo tumor growth.Peng Lin et al.Anti-cancer drugs, 26(1), 25-34 (2014-07-12) Human organic anion transporter 2 is distinct from organic anion transporters 1 and 3 with respect to transport function.Maja Henjakovic et al.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 309(10), F843-F851 (2015-09-18) Mitochondrial uncouplers inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation.Eduardo L Guimarães et al.BMC gastroenterology, 12, 68-68 (2012-06-13) Selective synthesis of hydroxy analogues of valinomycin using dioxiranes.Cosimo Annese et al.Organic letters, 13(19), 5096-5099 (2011-09-13) Comparative mechanisms of protein transduction mediated by cell-penetrating peptides in prokaryotes.Betty Revon Liu et al.The Journal of membrane biology, 248(2), 355-368 (2015-02-07) Automated high-throughput high-content autophagy and mitophagy analysis platform.Jonathan Arias-Fuenzalida et al.Scientific reports, 9(1), 9455-9455 (2019-07-03) A dimer is the minimal proton-conducting unit of the influenza a virus M2 channel.Kenichi Kawano et al.Journal of molecular biology, 426(14), 2679-2691 (2014-05-13) Perturbation of intracellular K(+) homeostasis with valinomycin promotes cell death by mitochondrial swelling and autophagic processes.Barbara Klein et al.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 16(11), 1101-1117 (2011-08-31) Fungal and bacterial metabolites in commercial poultry feed from Nigeria.C N Ezekiel et al.Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment, 29(8), 1288-1299 (2012-06-26) Thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress is not accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation in murine pro-B cells.Raluca Jipu et al.Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi, 116(2), 557-562 (2012-10-20) Overexpression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) increases gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells through S-phase arrest and apoptosis.Yang Guo et al.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 19(2), 340-350 (2014-10-22) Sustained accumulation of prelamin A and depletion of lamin A/C both cause oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction but induce different cell fates.Tom Sieprath et al.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.), 6(3), 236-246 (2015-05-23) Lysine 63-linked polyubiquitination is dispensable for Parkin-mediated mitophagy.Kahori Shiba-Fukushima et al.The Journal of biological chemistry, 289(48), 33131-33136 (2014-10-23) Glutamine, glutamate, and arginine-based acid resistance in Lactobacillus reuteri.Januana S Teixeira et al.Food microbiology, 42, 172-180 (2014-06-16) Membrane potential-dependent uptake of 18F-triphenylphosphonium--a new voltage sensor as an imaging agent for detecting burn-induced apoptosis.Gaofeng Zhao et al.The Journal of surgical research, 188(2), 473-479 (2014-03-04) Daptomycin forms cation- and size-selective pores in model membranes.TianHua Zhang et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1838(10), 2425-2430 (2014-05-27) P-glycoprotein is fully active after multiple tryptophan substitutions.Douglas J Swartz et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1828(3), 1159-1168 (2012-12-25) Characterization of pressurized hot water extracts of grape pomace: chemical and biological antioxidant activity.J R Vergara-Salinas et al.Food chemistry, 171, 62-69 (2014-10-14) Probing the Cl--pumping photocycle of pharaonis halorhodopsin: Examinations with bacterioruberin, an intrinsic dye, and membrane potential-induced modulation of the photocycle.Takashi Kikukawa et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1847(8), 748-758 (2015-05-12) Channelrhodopsin-2 is a leaky proton pump.Katrin Feldbauer et al.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(30), 12317-12322 (2009-07-11) Functional characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance transporter (PfCRT) in transformed Dictyostelium discoideum vesicles.Janni Papakrivos et al.PloS one, 7(6), e39569-e39569 (2012-06-23) Fructose leads to hepatic steatosis in zebrafish that is reversed by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition.Valerie Sapp et al.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 60(5), 1581-1592 (2014-07-22) Quality control of mitochondrial protein synthesis is required for membrane integrity and cell fitness.Uwe Richter et al.The Journal of cell biology, 211(2), 373-389 (2015-10-28) JAGN1 deficiency causes aberrant myeloid cell homeostasis and congenital neutropenia.Kaan Boztug et al.Nature genetics, 46(9), 1021-1027 (2014-08-19) Monitoring the active transport of efflux pumps after their reconstitution into proteoliposomes: caveats and keys.M Picard et al.Analytical biochemistry, 420(2), 194-196 (2011-10-25) Thiourea isosteres as anion receptors and transmembrane transporters.Marco Wenzel et al.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England), 47(27), 7641-7643 (2011-06-10) Parkin-induced ubiquitination of Mff promotes its association with p62/SQSTM1 during mitochondrial depolarization.Ju Gao et al.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica, 47(7), 522-529 (2015-05-27) Ion selectivity of proteins: lessons from molecular dynamics simulations on valinomycin.George Eisenman The Journal of general physiology, 138(3), 375-375 (2011-08-31) Development of a proteoliposome model to probe transmembrane electron-transfer reactions.Gaye F White et al.Biochemical Society transactions, 40(6), 1257-1260 (2012-11-28) Contrasting phagosome pH regulation and maturation in human M1 and M2 macrophages.Johnathan Canton et al.Molecular biology of the cell, 25(21), 3330-3341 (2014-08-29) Electrical potentiation of the membrane permeabilization by new peptides with anticancer properties.Victor V Lemeshko Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1828(3), 1047-1056 (2012-12-25) Reactive oxygen species initiate a metabolic collapse in hippocampal slices: potential trigger of cortical spreading depression.Anton Malkov et al.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 34(9), 1540-1549 (2014-07-17) On the nature of seizure dynamics.Viktor K Jirsa et al.Brain : a journal of neurology, 137(Pt 8), 2210-2230 (2014-06-13) Monitoring extracellular K+ flux with a valinomycin-coated silicon nanowire field-effect transistor.Ko-Shing Chang et al.Biosensors & bioelectronics, 31(1), 137-143 (2011-11-01) Hepatitis C virus core protein suppresses mitophagy by interacting with parkin in the context of mitochondrial depolarization.Yuichi Hara et al.The American journal of pathology, 184(11), 3026-3039 (2014-09-24) Comparative analysis of antimicrobial activities of valinomycin and cereulide, the Bacillus cereus emetic toxin.Marcel H Tempelaars et al.Applied and environmental microbiology, 77(8), 2755-2762 (2011-03-02) Real-time cell electrophysiology using a multi-channel dielectrophoretic-dot microelectrode array.Henry O Fatoyinbo et al.Electrophoresis, 32(18), 2541-2549 (2011-09-17) Fast synthesis of platinum nanopetals and nanospheres for highly-sensitive non-enzymatic detection of glucose and selective sensing of ions.Irene Taurino et al.Scientific reports, 5, 15277-15277 (2015-10-31) Cereulide and valinomycin, two important natural dodecadepsipeptides with ionophoretic activities.Magdalena Anna Kroteń et al.Polish journal of microbiology, 59(1), 3-10 (2010-06-24) Inorganic phosphate uptake in Trypanosoma cruzi is coupled to K(+) cycling and to active Na(+) extrusion.C F Dick et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1830(8), 4265-4273 (2013-05-07) The resveratrol oligomers, cis- and trans-gnetin H, from Paeonia suffruticosa seeds inhibit the growth of several human cancer cell lines.Ying Gao et al.Journal of ethnopharmacology, 169, 24-33 (2015-04-12) Metabolomic analysis of acid stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Riyanto Heru Nugroho et al.Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 120(4), 396-404 (2015-03-22) Restoration of GABA production machinery in Lactobacillus brevis by accessible carbohydrates, anaerobiosis and early acidification.Qinglong Wu et al.Food microbiology, 69, 151-158 (2017-09-25) Nicotine alters mucin rheological properties.Eric Y Chen et al.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 307(2), L149-L157 (2014-05-20) Stepwise priming by acidic pH and a high K+ concentration is required for efficient uncoating of influenza A virus cores after penetration.Sarah Stauffer et al.Journal of virology, 88(22), 13029-13046 (2014-08-29) Local mitochondrial-endolysosomal microfusion cleaves voltage-dependent anion channel 1 to promote survival in hypoxia.M Christiane Brahimi-Horn et al.Molecular and cellular biology, 35(9), 1491-1505 (2015-02-19) Stripping voltammetry of nanomolar potassium and ammonium ions using a valinomycin-doped double-polymer electrode.Benjamin Kabagambe et al.Analytical chemistry, 84(18), 7979-7986 (2012-08-16) HMG-CoA reductase inhibition prior reperfusion improves reparative fibrosis post-myocardial infarction in a preclinical experimental model.Gemma Vilahur et al.International journal of cardiology, 175(3), 528-538 (2014-07-16) Scale-up bioprocess development for production of the antibiotic valinomycin in Escherichia coli based on consistent fed-batch cultivations.Jian Li et al.Microbial cell factories, 14, 83-83 (2015-06-13) Vitamin D analogs combined with 5-fluorouracil in human HT-29 colon cancer treatment.Magdalena Milczarek et al.Oncology reports, 32(2), 491-504 (2014-06-13) Textile-based sampling for potentiometric determination of ions.Grzegorz Lisak et al.Analytica chimica acta, 877, 71-79 (2015-05-24) Extracellular Ca2+ influx is crucial for the early embryonic development of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter.Jocelmo Cássio de Araújo Leite et al.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution, 318(2), 123-133 (2012-04-26) Suppressive effects of peptide antibiotics against proliferation and cytokine production in mitogen-activated human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells.Masaki Maeda et al.Arzneimittel-Forschung, 61(12), 734-741 (2012-01-28) Role of polyol moiety of amphotericin B in ion channel formation and sterol selectivity in bilayer membrane.Tomoya Yamamoto et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 23(17), 5782-5788 (2015-07-26) Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase induces hybrid cell death and enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy in human glioblastoma cells.Dongdong Chen et al.BMC cancer, 14, 716-716 (2014-09-27) Motor deficits are triggered by reperfusion-reoxygenation injury as diagnosed by MRI and by a mechanism involving oxidants.Alexander Drobyshevsky et al.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 32(16), 5500-5509 (2012-04-20) Lipid rafts function in Ca2+ signaling responsible for activation of sperm motility and chemotaxis in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.Lihong Zhu et al.Molecular reproduction and development, 78(12), 920-929 (2011-09-03)

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