Melting point	-12 ºC
Water Solubility	120 g/L (20 ºC)
Boiling point	102 ºC
Flash point	20 ºC
Density	0.805
Refractive index	1.404-1.406

Symbol(GHS)	F;Xn
Hazard Codes	R11;R20;R37/38
SDS/MSDS	S46

Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Articles

Peer-Reviewed Papers

Distinct Modes of Presynaptic Inhibition of Cutaneous Afferents and Their Functions in Behavior.Amanda L Zimmerman et al.Neuron, 102(2), 420-434 (2019-03-04) Cholinergic activation of the murine trachealis muscle via non-vesicular acetylcholine release involving low-affinity choline transporters.Christina Nassenstein et al.International immunopharmacology, 29(1), 173-180 (2015-08-19) The Role of Cholinergic Midbrain Neurons in Startle and Prepulse Inhibition.Erin Azzopardi et al.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 38(41), 8798-8808 (2018-09-02) Effects of methoxsalen, a CYP2A5/6 inhibitor, on nicotine dependence behaviors in mice.Deniz Bagdas et al.Neuropharmacology, 85, 67-72 (2014-05-27) Extended access to nicotine leads to a CRF1 receptor dependent increase in anxiety-like behavior and hyperalgesia in rats.Ami Cohen et al.Addiction biology, 20(1), 56-68 (2013-07-23) Modification of Male Courtship Motivation by Olfactory Habituation via the GABAA Receptor in Drosophila melanogaster.Shin-Ichiro Tachibana et al.PloS one, 10(8), e0135186-e0135186 (2015-08-08) An HIV-encoded antisense long noncoding RNA epigenetically regulates viral transcription.Sheena Saayman et al.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 22(6), 1164-1175 (2014-03-01) Peripheral alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signalling attenuates tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia after nerve injury in mice.F Saika et al.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 213(2), 462-471 (2014-12-11) Toxicity induced by F. poae-contaminated feed and the protective effect of Montmorillonite supplementation in broilers.Lingchen Yang et al.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 74, 120-130 (2014-10-09) Early or Late Conversion From Tac-BD to Tac-BD in Renal Transplantation: When is the Right Time?S J Falconer et al.Transplantation proceedings, 47(6), 1741-1745 (2015-08-22) Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase reduces nicotine withdrawal.P P Muldoon et al.British journal of pharmacology, 172(3), 869-882 (2014-09-27) Multiple and opposing roles of cholinergic transmission in the main olfactory bulb.P E Castillo et al.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 19(21), 9180-9191 (1999-10-26) Intravital imaging of intestinal lacteals unveils lipid drainage through contractility.Kibaek Choe et al.The Journal of clinical investigation, 125(11), 4042-4052 (2015-10-06) Nonreplicating, cyst-defective type II Toxoplasma gondii vaccine strains stimulate protective immunity against acute and chronic infection.Barbara A Fox et al.Infection and immunity, 83(5), 2148-2155 (2015-03-18) Dopaminergic and cholinergic modulation of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase interneurons.Osvaldo Ibáñez-Sandoval et al.Neuropharmacology, 95, 468-476 (2015-04-25) Cholinergic receptor blockade by scopolamine and mecamylamine exacerbates global cerebral ischemia induced memory dysfunction in C57BL/6J mice.R S Ray et al.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 43, 62-73 (2014-08-30) Effects of Menthol on Nicotine Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacology and Dependence in Mice.Shakir D Alsharari et al.PloS one, 10(9), e0137070-e0137070 (2015-09-12) Interaction between oblongifolin C and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms in human liver and intestine microsomes.Cui Gao et al.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 45(7), 578-585 (2015-02-26) Decreased brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal in C57BL6 mice: evidence from intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies.Paul M Johnson et al.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 90(3), 409-415 (2008-05-10) Pharmacological characterization of nicotine-induced seizures in mice.M I Damaj et al.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 291(3), 1284-1291 (1999-11-24) Behavioral effects of nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine in a rat model of depression: prefrontal cortex level of BDNF protein and monoaminergic neurotransmitters.Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh Psychopharmacology, 232(6), 1095-1105 (2014-10-16) Transient voltage-activated K+ currents in central antennal lobe neurons: cell type-specific functional propertiesPaeger L, et al. Journal of Neurophysiology, 117(5), 2053-2064 (2017) Comparison of substrate specificity among human arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterases.Tatsuki Fukami et al.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 78, 47-53 (2015-07-15) Potential roles of ATP and local neurons in the monitoring of blood O2 content by rat aortic bodiesPiskuric NA, et al. Experimental Physiology, 99(1), 248-261 (2014) Muscarinic receptors modulate dendrodendritic inhibitory synapses to sculpt glomerular output.Shaolin Liu et al.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 35(14), 5680-5692 (2015-04-10) The bioactive lipid 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide inhibits flavivirus replication.Margot Carocci et al.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 59(1), 85-95 (2014-10-15) An HIV-encoded antisense long noncoding RNA epigenetically regulates viral transcription.Sheena Saayman et al.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 22(6), 1164-1175 (2014-03-01) A nicotinic receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonoid rhamnetin in BV2 microglia.Joseph A Lutz et al.Fitoterapia, 98, 11-21 (2014-06-28) A potentially novel nicotinic receptor in Aplysia neuroendocrine cells.Sean H White et al.Journal of neurophysiology, 112(2), 446-462 (2014-04-18) Nicotinic receptors modulate the function of presynaptic AMPA receptors on glutamatergic nerve terminals in the trigeminal caudal nucleus.Irene A Samengo et al.Neurochemistry international, 90, 166-172 (2015-08-19) Toxicity induced by F. poae-contaminated feed and the protective effect of Montmorillonite supplementation in broilers.Lingchen Yang et al.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 74, 120-130 (2014-10-09) Acetylcholine excites neocortical pyramidal neurons via nicotinic receptors.Tristan Hedrick et al.Journal of neurophysiology, 113(7), 2195-2209 (2015-01-16) Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin induce apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.Grzegorz Raszewski et al.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 116(2), 158-167 (2014-07-01) Basal Forebrain Cholinergic-induced Activation of Cholecystokinin Inhibitory Neurons in the Basolateral Amygdala.Seungho Lee et al.Experimental neurobiology, 28(3), 320-328 (2019-07-17) Engineering targeted chromosomal amplifications in human breast epithelial cells.Simeon Springer et al.Breast cancer research and treatment, 152(2), 313-321 (2015-06-24) Phosphocholine-Modified Macromolecules and Canonical Nicotinic Agonists Inhibit ATP-Induced IL-1β Release.Andreas Hecker et al.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 195(5), 2325-2334 (2015-07-24) Attenuation of vesicular stomatitis virus infection of brain using antiviral drugs and an adeno-associated virus-interferon vector.Guido Wollmann et al.Virology, 475, 1-14 (2014-12-03) Cigarette smoke has sensory effects through nicotinic and TRPA1 but not TRPV1 receptors on the isolated mouse trachea and larynx.Tatjana I Kichko et al.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 309(8), L812-L820 (2015-10-17) The effect of mycophenolic acid on epigenetic modifications in lupus CD4+T cells.Yang Yang et al.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 158(1), 67-76 (2015-03-21) Selective c-fos induction and decreased dopamine release in the central nucleus of amygdala in rats displaying a mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal syndrome.G Panagis et al.Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 35(1), 15-25 (1999-12-01) Long-term study of steroid avoidance in renal transplant patients: a single-center experience.A M Nagib et al.Transplantation proceedings, 47(4), 1099-1104 (2015-06-04) mTOR inhibitor versus mycophenolic acid as the primary immunosuppression regime combined with calcineurin inhibitor for kidney transplant recipients: a meta-analysis.Xishao Xie et al.BMC nephrology, 16, 91-91 (2015-07-02) Integrative analysis of circadian transcriptome and metabolic network reveals the role of de novo purine synthesis in circadian control of cell cycle.Ying Li et al.PLoS computational biology, 11(2), e1004086-e1004086 (2015-02-26) Split-QF System for Fine-Tuned Transgene Expression in Drosophila.Olena Riabinina et al.Genetics, 212(1), 53-63 (2019-03-14) Novel indole-2-carboxamide compounds are potent broad-spectrum antivirals active against western equine encephalitis virus in vivo.Phillip C Delekta et al.Journal of virology, 88(19), 11199-11214 (2014-07-18) Development and validation of an UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of mycotoxins in grass silages.Cormac McElhinney et al.Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment, 32(12), 2101-2112 (2015-09-17) Quantitative profiling of human renal UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and glucuronidation activity: a comparison of normal and tumoral kidney tissues.Guillaume Margaillan et al.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 43(4), 611-619 (2015-02-05) The ethanol-induced stimulation of rat duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in vivo is critically dependent on luminal Cl-.Anna Sommansson et al.PloS one, 9(7), e102654-e102654 (2014-07-18) General Anesthesia Decouples Cortical Pyramidal Neurons.Mototaka Suzuki et al.Cell, 180(4), 666-676 (2020-02-23) A new model to study visual attention in zebrafish.Daniela Braida et al.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 55, 80-86 (2014-04-01) Acetylcholine affects osteocytic MLO-Y4 cells via acetylcholine receptorsMa Y, et al. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 384(1-2), 155-164 (2014) Differential effects of HDAC inhibitors on PPN oscillatory activity in vivo.Veronica Bisagno et al.Neuropharmacology, 165, 107922-107922 (2020-01-11) Revisiting the effect of nicotine on interval timing.Carter W Daniels et al.Behavioural brain research, 283, 238-250 (2015-02-01) Evaluation of the Multi-ImmunoTox Assay composed of 3 human cytokine reporter cells by examining immunological effects of drugs.Yutaka Kimura et al.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 28(5), 759-768 (2014-03-08) Rapid and slow chemical synaptic interactions of cholinergic projection neurons and GABAergic local interneurons in the insect antennal lobe.Ben Warren et al.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 34(39), 13039-13046 (2014-09-26) Effective lethal mutagenesis of influenza virus by three nucleoside analogs.Matthew D Pauly et al.Journal of virology, 89(7), 3584-3597 (2015-01-16) CX3CR1 Mediates Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia via Microglial P38 MAPK Signaling.Yonghong Ding et al.Neurochemical research, 40(11), 2252-2261 (2015-09-21) Nuclear pore components affect distinct stages of intron-containing gene expression.Amandine Bonnet et al.Nucleic acids research, 43(8), 4249-4261 (2015-04-08) Suppressing dengue-2 infection by chemical inhibition of Aedes aegypti host factors.Seokyoung Kang et al.PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 8(8), e3084-e3084 (2014-08-08) Cholinergic transmission during nicotine withdrawal is influenced by age and pre-exposure to nicotine: implications for teenage smoking.Luis M Carcoba et al.Developmental neuroscience, 36(3-4), 347-355 (2014-05-24) Nicotinic receptor-dependent and -independent effects of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on the non-neuronal acetylcholine system in C2C12 cells.Shino Oikawa et al.International immunopharmacology, 29(1), 31-35 (2015-05-17) Nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation effects on nicotine & cotinine plasma levels and somatic withdrawal signs in adult male Wistar rats.Christian Montanari et al.Psychopharmacology, 237(3), 613-625 (2019-11-25) In vitro glucuronidation of the primary metabolite of 10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A by human liver microsomes and its interactions with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.Xin Liu et al.Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 30(1), 89-96 (2015-03-12) Decreases in brain reward function reflect nicotine- and methamphetamine-withdrawal aversion in rats.Hisatsugu Miyata et al.Current neuropharmacology, 9(1), 63-67 (2011-09-03) Toxoplasma Actin Is Required for Efficient Host Cell Invasion.Lisa L Drewry et al.mBio, 6(3), e00557-e00557 (2015-06-18) A two-injection protocol for nicotine sensitization.Rick E Bernardi et al.Behavioural brain research, 275, 11-14 (2014-09-07) Profiling the role of deacylation-reacylation in the lymphatic transport of a triglyceride-mimetic prodrug.Sifei Han et al.Pharmaceutical research, 32(5), 1830-1844 (2014-12-03) Influence of cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil and rivastigmine on the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats.Kinga Gawel et al.Behavioural brain research, 268, 169-176 (2014-04-24) Survival role of locally produced acetylcholine in the bovine corpus luteum.M Omar Al-Zi'abi et al.Biology of reproduction, 80(4), 823-832 (2009-01-09) Assembly of IMPDH2-based, CTPS-based, and mixed rod/ring structures is dependent on cell type and conditions of induction.Gerson Dierley Keppeke et al.Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao, 42(6), 287-299 (2015-07-15) Gamma oscillations in the pedunculopontine nucleus are regulated by F-actin: neuroepigenetic implications.Francisco J Urbano et al.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 318(2), C282-C288 (2019-11-21) Indoline-3-propionate and 3-aminopropyl carbamates reduce lung injury and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced in mice by LPS.E Finkin-Groner et al.British journal of pharmacology, 172(4), 1101-1113 (2014-10-18) Progressive decline in tacrolimus clearance after renal transplantation is partially explained by decreasing CYP3A4 activity and increasing haematocrit.Hylke de Jonge et al.British journal of clinical pharmacology, 80(3), 548-559 (2015-06-27) Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and neural network synaptic transmission in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons.Hjalte M Larsen et al.Stem cell research, 41, 101642-101642 (2019-11-11) A comparison of mecamylamine and bupropion effects on memory-related responses induced by nicotine and scopolamine in the novel object recognition test in mice.Marta Kruk-Słomka et al.Pharmacological reports : PR, 66(4), 638-646 (2014-06-21)

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