Boiling point	115 ºC (21 mmHg)
Flash point	196 ºF
Density	0.895
Refractive index	1.444

Symbol(GHS)	Xi;N
Hazard Codes	R36/38;R51/53
SDS/MSDS	S26;S61

Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
没有数据	没有数据

Synthetic Route

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Name	CAS

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Articles

Peer-Reviewed Papers

Biotransformation of crotonobetaine to L(-)-carnitine in Proteus sp.C Engemann et al.Archives of microbiology, 175(5), 353-359 (2001-06-21) Salt stress effects on the central and carnitine metabolisms of Escherichia coli.M Cánovas et al.Biotechnology and bioengineering, 96(4), 722-737 (2006-08-09) Isolation, identification, and synthesis of gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA and crotonobetainyl-CoA, compounds involved in carnitine metabolism of E. coli.T Elssner et al.Biochemistry, 39(35), 10761-10769 (2000-09-09) [Reduction of L-carnitine to gamma-butyrobetaine by Escherichia coli].H Seim et al.Zeitschrift fur allgemeine Mikrobiologie, 19(10), 753-758 (1979-01-01) [Metabolism of L-carnitine in enterobacteria].H Seim et al.Zeitschrift fur allgemeine Mikrobiologie, 20(9), 591-594 (1980-01-01) Modeling of the biotransformation of crotonobetaine into L-(-)-carnitine by Escherichia coli strains.M Canovas et al.Biotechnology and bioengineering, 77(7), 764-775 (2002-02-09) [Reduction of crotonobetaine and D-carnitine to gamma-butyrobetaine, and the metabolism of L-carnitine in the mouse and rat].H Seim et al.Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur physiologische Chemie, 361(7), 1059-1067 (1980-07-01) Molecular characterization of the cai operon necessary for carnitine metabolism in Escherichia coli.K Eichler et al.Molecular microbiology, 13(5), 775-786 (1994-09-01) High-density Escherichia coli cultures for continuous L(-)-carnitine production.J M Obón et al.Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 51(6), 760-764 (1999-07-28) Involvement of coenzyme A esters and two new enzymes, an enoyl-CoA hydratase and a CoA-transferase, in the hydration of crotonobetaine to L-carnitine by Escherichia coli.T Elssner et al.Biochemistry, 40(37), 11140-11148 (2001-09-12) Effect of salt stress on crotonobetaine and D(+)-carnitine biotransformation into L(-)-carnitine by resting cells of Escherichia coli.Manuel Cánovas et al.Journal of basic microbiology, 43(4), 259-268 (2003-07-23) Biotransformation of D(+)-carnitine into L(-)-carnitine by resting cells of Escherichia coli O44 K74.M R Castellar et al.Journal of applied microbiology, 85(5), 883-890 (1998-11-27) Link between primary and secondary metabolism in the biotransformation of trimethylammonium compounds by escherichia coli.M Cánovas et al.Biotechnology and bioengineering, 84(6), 686-699 (2003-11-05) Epigenetic regulation of carnitine metabolising enzymes in Proteus sp. under aerobic conditions.C Engemann et al.FEMS microbiology letters, 196(1), 1-6 (2001-03-21) Identification and functional characterisation of genes and corresponding enzymes involved in carnitine metabolism of Proteus sp.Claudia Engemann et al.Archives of microbiology, 183(3), 176-189 (2005-02-26) Role of energetic coenzyme pools in the production of L-carnitine by Escherichia coli.M Cánovas et al.Metabolic engineering, 8(6), 603-618 (2006-08-15) L-carnitine uptake by Escherichia coli.H Jung et al.Journal of basic microbiology, 30(7), 507-514 (1990-01-01)

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