Melting point	-16 ºC
Water Solubility	Insoluble
Boiling point	195 ºC
Flash point	81 ºC
Density	0.824
Refractive index	1.428-1.431

Symbol(GHS)	Xi
Hazard Codes	R36/38
SDS/MSDS	S26;S37/39

Source	SDS/MSDS Samples
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Articles

Peer-Reviewed Papers

Design, synthesis and molecular simulation studies of dihydrostilbene derivatives as potent tyrosinase inhibitors.Argyro Vontzalidou et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 22(17), 5523-5526 (2012-07-28) Melanogenesis inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum in B16 melanoma cells.Hisashi Matsuda et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 17(16), 6048-6053 (2009-07-21) PEG-immobilization of cardol and soluble polymer-supported synthesis of some cardol-coumarin derivatives: preliminary evaluation of their inhibitory activity on mushroom tyrosinase.Graziella Tocco et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 19(1), 36-39 (2008-12-05) Identification of small molecules rescuing fragile X syndrome phenotypes in Drosophila.Shuang Chang et al.Nature chemical biology, 4(4), 256-263 (2008-03-11) Kojic acid-amino acid conjugates as tyrosinase inhibitors.Jin-Mi Noh et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 19(19), 5586-5589 (2009-08-25) Inhibitory potential of some Romanian medicinal plants against enzymes linked to neurodegenerative diseases and their antioxidant activity.Gabriela Paun et al.Pharmacognosy magazine, 11(Suppl 1), S110-S116 (2015-06-26) 1-(1-Arylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide derivatives: a new class of tyrosinase inhibitors.Jinbing Liu et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 16(3), 1096-1102 (2008-03-08) Kojic acid and its manganese and zinc complexes as potential radioprotective agents.Saeed Emami et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 17(1), 45-48 (2006-10-20) Chemical compositions and biological activities of the essential oils of Beilschmiedia madang Blume (Lauraceae).Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh et al.Archives of pharmacal research, 38(4), 485-493 (2014-08-08) Tyrosinase inhibition constituents from the roots of Morus australis.Zong-Ping Zheng et al.Fitoterapia, 83(6), 1008-1013 (2012-06-16) Benzyl benzoates: New phlorizin analogs as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.Yuntai Fang et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 19(3), 1167-1171 (2011-01-25) A novel synthesized tyrosinase inhibitor: (E)-2-((2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate as an azo-resveratrol analog.Sung Jin Bae et al.Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 77(1), 65-72 (2013-01-08) Analogues of N-hydroxy-N'-phenylthiourea and N-hydroxy-N'-phenylurea as inhibitors of tyrosinase and melanin formation.Marc Criton et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 18(12), 3607-3610 (2008-05-27) Evaluation of health aspects of kojic acid in food.G A Burdock et al.Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 33(1), 80-101 (2001-03-22) Identification of a potent and noncytotoxic inhibitor of melanin production.Soonho Hwang et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 18(15), 5602-5609 (2010-07-10) Identification of a copper-transporting ATPase involved in biosynthesis of A. flavus conidial pigment.Perng-Kuang Chang et al.Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 103(12), 4889-4897 (2019-05-01) Gusanlungionosides A-D, potential tyrosinase inhibitors from Arcangelisia gusanlung.Ling-Ling Yu et al.Journal of natural products, 74(5), 1009-1014 (2011-04-20) Effects of 4-hexylresorcinol on the phenoloxidase from Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae): In vivo and in vitro studies.Mahboobeh Sharifi et al.Insect science, 22(5), 639-650 (2014-07-06) Complex sesquiterpenoids with tyrosinase inhibitory activity from the leaves of Chloranthus tianmushanensis.Bin Wu et al.Journal of natural products, 71(5), 877-880 (2008-03-25) Depigmenting activities of kojic acid derivatives without tyrosinase inhibitory activities.Jun-Cheol Cho et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 22(12), 4159-4162 (2012-05-15) The antibrowning agent sulfite inactivates Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase through covalent modification of the copper-B site.Tomas F M Kuijpers et al.The FEBS journal, 280(23), 6184-6195 (2013-10-12) Kojyl thioether derivatives having both tyrosinase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory properties.Ho Sik Rho et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 20(22), 6569-6571 (2010-10-12) Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Skin Aging-Related Enzymes by Prenylated Chalcones and Other Flavonoids from Helichrysum teretifolium.Olugbenga K Popoola et al.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 20(4), 7143-7155 (2015-04-24) Recovery of pigmentation following selective photothermolysis in adult zebrafish skin: clinical implications for laser toning treatment of melasma.Jae Hwan Kim et al.Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology, 14(6), 277-285 (2012-10-13) Effects of ortho-dihydroxyisoflavone derivatives from Korean fermented soybean paste on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells and human skin equivalents.Myeong-Jin Goh et al.Phytotherapy research : PTR, 26(8), 1107-1112 (2011-12-14) Synthesis and biological evaluation of curcumin-like diarylpentanoid analogues for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities.Ka-Heng Lee et al.European journal of medicinal chemistry, 44(8), 3195-3200 (2009-04-11) Structure-activity relationships of the thujaplicins for inhibition of human tyrosinase.Atsushi Yoshimori et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 22(21), 6193-6200 (2014-10-08) Effects of the Tyrosinase-Dependent Dopaminergic System on Refractive Error Development in Guinea PigsJiang L, et al. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 59(11), 4631-4638 (2018) Kojic acid--a new leading molecule for a preparation of compounds with an anti-neoplastic potential.L Novotný et al.Neoplasma, 46(2), 89-92 (1999-08-31) [5 + 2] cycloaddition reactions in organic and natural product synthesis.Kai E O Ylijoki et al.Chemical reviews, 113(3), 2244-2266 (2012-11-17) Syntheses of hydroxy substituted 2-phenyl-naphthalenes as inhibitors of tyrosinase.Suhee Song et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 17(2), 461-464 (2006-10-27) Development of melanocye-keratinocyte co-culture model for controls and vitiligo to assess regulators of pigmentation and melanocytes.Ravinder Kumar et al.Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology, 78(5), 599-604 (2012-09-11) Effects of known phenoloxidase inhibitors on hemocyanin-derived phenoloxidase from Limulus polyphemus.Jamie Wright et al.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology, 163(3-4), 303-308 (2012-08-14) Discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of tyrosinase.Juris P Germanas et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 17(24), 6871-6875 (2007-10-30) Pyronane monoterpenoids from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides.Quan Cheng Chen et al.Journal of natural products, 71(6), 995-999 (2008-05-29) Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR study of some 3-hydroxypyridine-4-one and 3-hydroxypyran-4-one derivatives.Afshin Fassihi et al.European journal of medicinal chemistry, 44(5), 2145-2157 (2008-12-06) Depigmenting activity of new kojic acid derivative obtained as a side product in the synthesis of cinnamate of kojic acid.Jun-Cheol Cho et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 22(5), 2004-2007 (2012-02-15) Ketonethiosemicarbazones: structure-activity relationships for their melanogenesis inhibition.Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 21(12), 3527-3530 (2011-05-24) Analogues of N-hydroxycinnamoylphenalkylamides as inhibitors of human melanocyte-tyrosinase.Sabrina Okombi et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 16(8), 2252-2255 (2006-01-31) Antityrosinase and antioxidant effects of ent-kaurane diterpenes from leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera.Horng-Huey Ko et al.Journal of natural products, 71(11), 1930-1933 (2008-11-07) Tyrosinase-inhibitory constituents from the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia.Tran Minh Ngoc et al.Journal of natural products, 72(6), 1205-1208 (2009-06-27) Activities of different types of Thai honey on pathogenic bacteria causing skin diseases, tyrosinase enzyme and generating free radicals.Kanyaluck Jantakee et al.Biological research, 48, 4-4 (2015-02-06) Tyrosinase inhibitory effects of Vinca major and its secondary metabolites: Enzyme kinetics and in silico inhibition model of the metabolites validated by pharmacophore modelling.Suat Sari et al.Bioorganic chemistry, 92, 103259-103259 (2019-09-14) Ciprofloxacin containing Mannich base and its copper complex induce antitumor activity via different mechanism of action.Yun Fu et al.International journal of oncology, 45(5), 2092-2100 (2014-09-02) From broad-spectrum biocides to quorum sensing disruptors and mussel repellents: antifouling profile of alkyl triphenylphosphonium salts.Alberto J Martín-Rodríguez et al.PloS one, 10(4), e0123652-e0123652 (2015-04-22) In vitro anti-aging activities of extracts from leaves of Ma Kiang (Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala).Jiradej Manosroi et al.Pharmaceutical biology, 53(6), 862-869 (2014-11-29) Acylated flavonol glycosides from the flower of Elaeagnus angustifolia L.Sarah Bendaikha et al.Phytochemistry, 103, 129-136 (2014-04-22) Optimization of O3-acyl kojic acid derivatives as potent and selective human neutrophil elastase inhibitors.Susana D Lucas et al.Journal of medicinal chemistry, 56(23), 9802-9806 (2013-11-15) Synthesis of tyrosinase inhibitory (4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)acrylic acid ester derivatives.Soo Sung Kang et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 19(1), 188-191 (2008-11-22) N-Benzylbenzamides: a new class of potent tyrosinase inhibitors.Sung Jin Cho et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 16(10), 2682-2684 (2006-03-04) Depigmenting effect of Kojic acid esters in hyperpigmented B16F1 melanoma cells.Ahmad Firdaus B Lajis et al.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2012, 952452-952452 (2012-10-24) Extracellular tyrosinase from the fungus Trichoderma reesei shows product inhibition and different inhibition mechanism from the intracellular tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus.Chiara Gasparetti et al.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1824(4), 598-607 (2012-01-24) Zerumbone, a Tropical Ginger Sesquiterpene of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Attenuates α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells.Taek-In Oh et al.International journal of molecular sciences, 19(10) (2018-10-17) Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.Jennifer A Jacobsen et al.Journal of medicinal chemistry, 54(2), 591-602 (2010-12-30) Synthesis and Validation of a Hydroxypyrone-Based, Potent, and Specific Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 Inhibitor with Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro and In Vivo.J Aerts et al.Mediators of inflammation, 2015, 510679-510679 (2015-09-10) Superficial micropeels: glycolic acid and alpha-hydroxy acid with kojic acid.D A Ellis et al.Facial plastic surgery : FPS, 11(1), 15-21 (1995-01-01) Skin-whitening effects of Mediterranean herbal extracts by in vitro and in vivo models.Luisa Rizza et al.Journal of cosmetic science, 63(5), 311-320 (2012-10-24) Time course observation of thyroid proliferative lesions and serum levels of related hormones in rats treated with kojic acid after DHPN initiation.T Tamura et al.The Journal of toxicological sciences, 24(3), 145-155 (1999-09-09) Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hydroxy substituted amino chalcone compounds for antityrosinase activity in B16 cells.Sini Radhakrishnan et al.Bioorganic chemistry, 62, 117-123 (2015-09-04) Synthesis, biological activities and molecular docking studies of some novel 2, 4, 5-trisubstituted-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-one derivatives as potent tyrosinase inhibitorsAkin S, et al. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1175(11), 280-286 (2019) Phage display-mediated discovery of novel tyrosinase-targeting tetrapeptide inhibitors reveals the significance of N-terminal preference of cysteine residues and their functional sulfur atom.Yu-Ching Lee et al.Molecular pharmacology, 87(2), 218-230 (2014-11-19) Evaluation of anti-pigmentary effect of synthetic sulfonylamino chalcone.Woo Duck Seo et al.European journal of medicinal chemistry, 45(5), 2010-2017 (2010-02-13) Discovery of small molecules that inhibit melanogenesis via regulation of tyrosinase expression.Jiho Song et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 22(22), 6943-6946 (2012-10-16) New potent inhibitors of tyrosinase: novel clues to binding of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thiones, 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thiones, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thiones, and substituted hydrazides to the dicopper active site.Usman Ghani et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 18(11), 4042-4048 (2010-05-11) A novel ring-expanded product with enhanced tyrosinase inhibitory activity from classical Fe-catalyzed oxidation of rosmarinic acid, a potent antioxidative Lamiaceae polyphenol.Aya Fujimoto et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 20(24), 7393-7396 (2010-11-03) (-)-N-Formylanonaine from Michelia alba as a human tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant.Hui-Min Wang et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 18(14), 5241-5247 (2010-06-30) Kojic acid and its manganese and zinc complexes as potential radioprotective agentsEmami S, et al. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 17(1), 45-48 (2007) Synthesis and biological activity of oxadiazole and triazolothiadiazole derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors.Kok Wai Lam et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 20(12), 3755-3759 (2010-05-25) Extract from Ceratonia siliqua Exhibits Depigmentation Properties.Namrita Lall et al.Phytotherapy research : PTR, 29(11), 1729-1736 (2015-07-23) Metabolomics-based optimal koji fermentation for tyrosinase inhibition supplemented with Astragalus radix.Ah Jin Kim et al.Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 76(5), 863-869 (2012-06-29) Inhibitory effects of geranic acid derivatives on melanin biosynthesis.Sang Yoon Choi Journal of cosmetic science, 63(6), 351-358 (2013-01-05) Novel virtual screening approach for the discovery of human tyrosinase inhibitors.Ni Ai et al.PloS one, 9(11), e112788-e112788 (2014-11-27) New tyrosinase inhibitors selected by atomic linear indices-based classification models.Gerardo M Casañola-Martín et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 16(2), 324-330 (2005-11-09) Investigation of the Anti-Melanogenic and Antioxidant Characteristics of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Flower Essential Oil and Determination of Its Chemical Composition.Huey-Chun Huang et al.International journal of molecular sciences, 16(5), 10470-10490 (2015-05-12) Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of phenylpropanoid amides of serotonin on tyrosinase inhibition.Toshiyuki Takahashi et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 21(7), 1983-1986 (2011-03-08) N-[(Dihydroxyphenyl)acyl]serotonins as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase from mouse and human melanoma cells.Yoshimitsu Yamazaki et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 19(15), 4178-4182 (2009-06-16) Multiresponse Optimisation Applied to the Development of a TLC Autography for the Detection of Tyrosinase Inhibitors.Paula García et al.Phytochemical analysis : PCA, 26(4), 287-292 (2015-03-27) [Determination of kojic acid in foods using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].Juan Huang et al.Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography, 30(6), 578-583 (2012-09-29) Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of bis-salicylaldehydes as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors.Giovanna Delogu et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 20(20), 6138-6140 (2010-09-04) Dragon method for finding novel tyrosinase inhibitors: Biosilico identification and experimental in vitro assays.Gerardo M Casañola-Martín et al.European journal of medicinal chemistry, 42(11-12), 1370-1381 (2007-07-20) Skin-whitening effects of Mediterranean herbal extracts by in vitro and in vivo models.Luisa Rizza et al.Journal of cosmetic science, 63(5), 311-320 (2012-10-24) Synthesis and evaluation of 2(3H)-thiazole thiones as tyrosinase inhibitors.Saeed Emami et al.Archiv der Pharmazie, 345(8), 629-637 (2012-04-26) From miso, saké and shoyu to cosmetics: a century of science for kojic acid.Ronald Bentley Natural product reports, 23(6), 1046-1062 (2006-11-23) Traditional herbal prescription LASAP-C inhibits melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafishKim MK, et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 223-223 (2016) Evaluation of 3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2(1H)-thiones as inhibitors of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in melanoma B16 cells.P Thanigaimalai et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 18(4), 1555-1562 (2010-01-26) Structure-activity relationship of naphthaldehydethiosemicarbazones in melanogenesis inhibition.Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 22(2), 886-889 (2012-01-06) Design, synthesis, and evaluation of (E)-N-substituted benzylidene-aniline derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors.Sung Jin Bae et al.European journal of medicinal chemistry, 57, 383-390 (2012-11-15) Synthesis, biological activities and molecular docking studies of some novel 2, 4, 5-trisubstituted-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-one derivatives as potent tyrosinase inhibitorsAkin S, et al. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1175(11), 280-286 (2019) Time course observation of thyroid proliferative lesions and serum levels of related hormones in rats treated with kojic acid after DHPN initiation.T Tamura et al.The Journal of toxicological sciences, 24(3), 145-155 (1999-09-09) Development of hydroxylated naphthylchalcones as polyphenol oxidase inhibitors: Synthesis, biochemistry and molecular docking studies.Sini Radhakrishnan et al.Bioorganic chemistry, 63, 116-122 (2015-10-27) Changes in thyroid function during development of thyroid hyperplasia induced by kojic acid in F344 rats.N Fujimoto et al.Carcinogenesis, 20(8), 1567-1571 (1999-07-30) Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hydroxy substituted amino chalcone compounds for antityrosinase activity in B16 cells.Sini Radhakrishnan et al.Bioorganic chemistry, 62, 117-123 (2015-09-04) Structural insights into the hot spot amino acid residues of mushroom tyrosinase for the bindings of thujaplicins.Satoshi Takahashi et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 18(22), 8112-8118 (2010-10-16) Slow-Binding Inhibition of Tyrosinase by Ecklonia cava Phlorotannins.Jang Hoon Kim et al.Marine drugs, 17(6) (2019-06-19) Disruption in quorum-sensing systems and bacterial biofilm inhibition by cembranoid diterpenes isolated from the octocoral Eunicea knighti.Edisson Tello et al.Journal of natural products, 75(9), 1637-1642 (2012-08-22) Inhibitory activity of novel kojic acid derivative containing trolox moiety on melanogenesis.Soo Mi Ahn et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 21(24), 7466-7469 (2011-11-11) Inhibition of melanogenesis by 2-[4-(5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid (MHY908).Min Hi Park et al.Archives of pharmacal research, 38(4), 505-511 (2014-12-17) Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Beilschmiedia glabra.Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh et al.Natural product communications, 10(7), 1297-1300 (2015-09-29) Determination of kojic acid in a skin-whitening cosmetic by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection after pre-column derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole.Yasuhiko Higashi et al.Journal of cosmetic science, 63(3), 205-212 (2012-12-01) Final report of the safety assessment of Kojic acid as used in cosmetics.Christina L Burnett et al.International journal of toxicology, 29(6 Suppl), 244S-2473 (2011-01-05) Preparation, characterization, and preliminary antibrowning evaluations of norartocarpetin microemulsions.Zong-Ping Zheng et al.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 63(5), 1615-1621 (2015-01-21) Molecular design of potent tyrosinase inhibitors having the bibenzyl skeleton.Hiromi Oozeki et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 18(19), 5252-5254 (2008-09-11) TLC-bioautographic evaluation of in vitro anti-tyrosinase and anti-cholinesterase potentials of sandalwood oil.Biswapriya B Misra et al.Natural product communications, 8(2), 253-256 (2013-03-22) Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors from Marrubium velutinum and Marrubium cylleneum.Anastasia Karioti et al.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 15(7), 2708-2714 (2007-02-09) 2-Arylbenzofuran, flavonoid, and tyrosinase inhibitory constituents of Morus yunnanensis.Xiao Hu et al.Journal of natural products, 75(1), 82-87 (2011-12-15) Evaluation of the repeated-dose liver, bone marrow and peripheral blood micronucleus and comet assays using kojic acid.Yosuke Ogiwara et al.Mutation research. 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